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September 3rd, 2026 14:49:30 EDT -0400 Arctic zigs; Antarctic zags
Arctic zigs; Antarctic zags

Greetings, readers! Our monthly sea ice analyses are returning just in time for the September equinox. In the Arctic, the sea ice extent this summer was tracking 2012 levels until August. While Siberia and the Canadian Archipelago experienced a very warm summer, the high-latitude Arctic Ocean was relatively cool. In the Antarctic, sea ice underwent an unusually large mid-winter decline over a week in August. 

Overview of conditions

Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 averaged 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles), the seventh lowest in the satellite record (Figure 1a). This monthly average extent was 840,000 square kilometers (324,000 square miles) above the satellite record low set in 2012 (Figure 1b). Sea ice extent was far below average around most of the Arctic Ocean, with substantial open water particularly in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and East Siberian Seas. The Beaufort and Chukchi Seas experienced rapid change over the month. In early August, the ice edge in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas was near average, just off the north coast of Alaska. Then, during the first week of August, an open water region developed north of Utqiaġvik at about 75° N latitude. The open water region rapidly expanded, eventually becoming a large embayment in the ice edge. By the end of August, much of the ice in the Beaufort Sea had melted out. On the Atlantic side, relatively low sea ice concentrations were the rule, extending all the way to the pole (Figure 1c). 

Figure 1a. Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1b. This graph shows Arctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and the record low year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 in orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2012 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1c. This True Color Composite satellite image shows low sea ice concentration from Svalbard (lower right) toward the North Pole on August 31, 2026. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on the NASA Terra satellite captured this image. — Credit: NASA Worldview

Conditions in context

In spring and early summer, low pressure and relatively cool weather persisted over the Arctic Ocean. Average temperatures from May through July at the 925 millibar level (about 2,500 feet above the surface) were up to 2 degrees Celsius (4 degrees Fahrenheit) below the 1981 to 2026 average (Figure 2a). Persistent cold-cored cyclones kept temperatures low, resulting in a pronounced low pressure cell centered over the pole in the three-months average (Figure 2b). Cloudy conditions led to less solar insolation at the surface. This, combined with low temperature, led to late melt onset in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (Figure 2c) (Evident in preliminary data derived from passive microwave sensors, provided by Angela Bliss at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center). Melt began nearly a month later than the 1981 to 2010 average in the southern Chukchi Sea. On the Atlantic side, melt onset was earlier than average or near average. These strong regional contrasts guided the early summer progression of ice loss.

Figure 2a. This plot shows the departure from average air temperature in the Arctic at the 925 hectopascal, in degrees Celsius, for May through July 2026, relative to the 1981 to 2010 average. Yellows to reds indicate above average temperatures; greens to purples indicate below average temperatures. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2b. This plot shows average sea level pressure in the Arctic in hectopascal for May through July 2026. Yellows to reds indicate higher air pressure; greens to purples indicate lower pressure. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2c. The map on the left shows the onset of sea ice melt in the Arctic as a difference from the 1991 to 2020 average, measured in days. Yellow indicates where no melt has been detected. The graph on the left depicts the average onset of Arctic melt from 1979 to 2026, with the dashed red line noting the negative trend. — Credit: Angela Bliss, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

August 2026 compared to previous years

The downward linear trend in Arctic sea ice extent through 2026 for August is 69,100 square kilometers (26,700 square miles) per year or 9.6 percent per decade relative to the 1981 to 2010 average (Figure 3). Based on the linear trend, since 1979, August has lost 3.24 million square kilometers (1.25 million square miles) of sea ice. This is equivalent to about two times the size of Alaska. 

Figure 3. Monthly August ice extent for 1979 to 2026 shows a decline of 9.6 percent per decade. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Ship report from the pole

NSIDC scientist Matt Shupe and other researchers cruised to the pole on the Swedish icebreaker Oden, leaving Svalbard on August 10. Shupe noted the large amount of open water en-route seen in the satellite imagery: “[There was] a remarkable amount of open water, vast expanses sometimes large enough that I could not see the other side of them. These areas of open water extended pretty much the whole way to the pole." He also noted the absence of melt ponds, in contrast to recent years. Despite the open water, he noted that melt ponds had frozen over and were covered by snow (Figure 4). Data and reports from ships and field observations provide valuable detailed information and local context that complements satellite data. 

Figure 4. Ice floes spread vastly amid large areas of newly forming ice that were ice free through much of the summer. This photograph, taken from Icebreaker Oden at about 83°N latitude, captures an Arctic sunset on August 29. — Credit: Matthew Shupe, National Snow and Ice Data Center

Sea ice down south

In the Antarctic, sea ice is expanding and will reach its annual maximum extent in the coming weeks. This year, extent has been below the 1981 to 2010 average, as has been the case nearly every month since late 2016; however, it has been above the record low levels of 2023 and 2024. The August average extent was 16.46 million square kilometer (6.36 million square miles), 1.26 million square kilometers (486,000 square miles) below the 1981 to 2010 average. Earlier in the year, as late as May, ice extent was extremely low in the Bellingshausen Sea. This area has now largely recovered, but the adjacent Amundsen Sea has low sea ice extent, along with much of the East Antarctic region. 

The most notable feature of the austral growth season was a substantial decline in extent over a period of a week in early August. From August 8 to August 14, extent declined 310,000 square kilometers (120,000 square miles). Pauses in growth and short periods of decline are not unusual because of shifting weather patterns that can melt ice near the edge and/or push the ice edge poleward. This is especially true as the sea ice edge reaches the stormy northern latitudes of the Southern Ocean.

Figure 5a. Antarctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 16.46 million square kilometers (6.36 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 5b. This graph shows Antarctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and 2014, the record high year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 n orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2014 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Greenland Ice Sheet

While the other analysis site Ice Sheets Today remains in hiatus, we will include some updates from other sources as we receive them. The Greenland melt season has not been exceptional, but overall melt is similar to 2011 and 2016. The surface mass balance, calculated by the total snow and rainfall minus runoff and evaporation, stands at about -150 billion tons. Low snowfall last winter in several key exposed surface areas led to rapid runoff beginning in mid-July as the previous winter’s snow cover melted off. A few warm events spanned the southern dome of Greenland, but the more central Summit area did not see temperatures exceed -3 degrees Celsius (27 degrees Fahrenheit). 

Figure 6. This graph shows the surface mass balance for the Greenland Ice Sheet as a difference from the 1981 to 2010 average for September 2025 to August 2026, and several other recent seasons. The values are derived from the MAR 3.14.2 climate model based on weather data and physics. The gray band shows the 90 percent range of values over the entire model record. — Credit: X. Fettweis, University of Liège, MAR 3.14.2 model

Acknowledgement

We gratefully acknowledge new funding from the Climate Science and Communications Fund. The Fund represents a collaborative group of donors and scientists dedicated to supporting climate scientists and communicators and is administered by Surge Climate Talent. The views expressed in these analysis posts are those of the NSIDC science team and do not necessarily reflect the views of Surge Climate Talent.

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August 19th, 2026 17:40:41 EDT -0400 NSIDC’s analysis site Sea Ice Today returns
Arctic zigs; Antarctic zags

Greetings, readers! Our monthly sea ice analyses are returning just in time for the September equinox. In the Arctic, the sea ice extent this summer was tracking 2012 levels until August. While Siberia and the Canadian Archipelago experienced a very warm summer, the high-latitude Arctic Ocean was relatively cool. In the Antarctic, sea ice underwent an unusually large mid-winter decline over a week in August. 

Overview of conditions

Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 averaged 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles), the seventh lowest in the satellite record (Figure 1a). This monthly average extent was 840,000 square kilometers (324,000 square miles) above the satellite record low set in 2012 (Figure 1b). Sea ice extent was far below average around most of the Arctic Ocean, with substantial open water particularly in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and East Siberian Seas. The Beaufort and Chukchi Seas experienced rapid change over the month. In early August, the ice edge in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas was near average, just off the north coast of Alaska. Then, during the first week of August, an open water region developed north of Utqiaġvik at about 75° N latitude. The open water region rapidly expanded, eventually becoming a large embayment in the ice edge. By the end of August, much of the ice in the Beaufort Sea had melted out. On the Atlantic side, relatively low sea ice concentrations were the rule, extending all the way to the pole (Figure 1c). 

Figure 1a. Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1b. This graph shows Arctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and the record low year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 in orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2012 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1c. This True Color Composite satellite image shows low sea ice concentration from Svalbard (lower right) toward the North Pole on August 31, 2026. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on the NASA Terra satellite captured this image. — Credit: NASA Worldview

Conditions in context

In spring and early summer, low pressure and relatively cool weather persisted over the Arctic Ocean. Average temperatures from May through July at the 925 millibar level (about 2,500 feet above the surface) were up to 2 degrees Celsius (4 degrees Fahrenheit) below the 1981 to 2026 average (Figure 2a). Persistent cold-cored cyclones kept temperatures low, resulting in a pronounced low pressure cell centered over the pole in the three-months average (Figure 2b). Cloudy conditions led to less solar insolation at the surface. This, combined with low temperature, led to late melt onset in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (Figure 2c) (Evident in preliminary data derived from passive microwave sensors, provided by Angela Bliss at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center). Melt began nearly a month later than the 1981 to 2010 average in the southern Chukchi Sea. On the Atlantic side, melt onset was earlier than average or near average. These strong regional contrasts guided the early summer progression of ice loss.

Figure 2a. This plot shows the departure from average air temperature in the Arctic at the 925 hectopascal, in degrees Celsius, for May through July 2026, relative to the 1981 to 2010 average. Yellows to reds indicate above average temperatures; greens to purples indicate below average temperatures. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2b. This plot shows average sea level pressure in the Arctic in hectopascal for May through July 2026. Yellows to reds indicate higher air pressure; greens to purples indicate lower pressure. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2c. The map on the left shows the onset of sea ice melt in the Arctic as a difference from the 1991 to 2020 average, measured in days. Yellow indicates where no melt has been detected. The graph on the left depicts the average onset of Arctic melt from 1979 to 2026, with the dashed red line noting the negative trend. — Credit: Angela Bliss, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

August 2026 compared to previous years

The downward linear trend in Arctic sea ice extent through 2026 for August is 69,100 square kilometers (26,700 square miles) per year or 9.6 percent per decade relative to the 1981 to 2010 average (Figure 3). Based on the linear trend, since 1979, August has lost 3.24 million square kilometers (1.25 million square miles) of sea ice. This is equivalent to about two times the size of Alaska. 

Figure 3. Monthly August ice extent for 1979 to 2026 shows a decline of 9.6 percent per decade. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Ship report from the pole

NSIDC scientist Matt Shupe and other researchers cruised to the pole on the Swedish icebreaker Oden, leaving Svalbard on August 10. Shupe noted the large amount of open water en-route seen in the satellite imagery: “[There was] a remarkable amount of open water, vast expanses sometimes large enough that I could not see the other side of them. These areas of open water extended pretty much the whole way to the pole." He also noted the absence of melt ponds, in contrast to recent years. Despite the open water, he noted that melt ponds had frozen over and were covered by snow (Figure 4). Data and reports from ships and field observations provide valuable detailed information and local context that complements satellite data. 

Figure 4. Ice floes spread vastly amid large areas of newly forming ice that were ice free through much of the summer. This photograph, taken from Icebreaker Oden at about 83°N latitude, captures an Arctic sunset on August 29. — Credit: Matthew Shupe, National Snow and Ice Data Center

Sea ice down south

In the Antarctic, sea ice is expanding and will reach its annual maximum extent in the coming weeks. This year, extent has been below the 1981 to 2010 average, as has been the case nearly every month since late 2016; however, it has been above the record low levels of 2023 and 2024. The August average extent was 16.46 million square kilometer (6.36 million square miles), 1.26 million square kilometers (486,000 square miles) below the 1981 to 2010 average. Earlier in the year, as late as May, ice extent was extremely low in the Bellingshausen Sea. This area has now largely recovered, but the adjacent Amundsen Sea has low sea ice extent, along with much of the East Antarctic region. 

The most notable feature of the austral growth season was a substantial decline in extent over a period of a week in early August. From August 8 to August 14, extent declined 310,000 square kilometers (120,000 square miles). Pauses in growth and short periods of decline are not unusual because of shifting weather patterns that can melt ice near the edge and/or push the ice edge poleward. This is especially true as the sea ice edge reaches the stormy northern latitudes of the Southern Ocean.

Figure 5a. Antarctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 16.46 million square kilometers (6.36 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 5b. This graph shows Antarctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and 2014, the record high year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 n orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2014 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Greenland Ice Sheet

While the other analysis site Ice Sheets Today remains in hiatus, we will include some updates from other sources as we receive them. The Greenland melt season has not been exceptional, but overall melt is similar to 2011 and 2016. The surface mass balance, calculated by the total snow and rainfall minus runoff and evaporation, stands at about -150 billion tons. Low snowfall last winter in several key exposed surface areas led to rapid runoff beginning in mid-July as the previous winter’s snow cover melted off. A few warm events spanned the southern dome of Greenland, but the more central Summit area did not see temperatures exceed -3 degrees Celsius (27 degrees Fahrenheit). 

Figure 6. This graph shows the surface mass balance for the Greenland Ice Sheet as a difference from the 1981 to 2010 average for September 2025 to August 2026, and several other recent seasons. The values are derived from the MAR 3.14.2 climate model based on weather data and physics. The gray band shows the 90 percent range of values over the entire model record. — Credit: X. Fettweis, University of Liège, MAR 3.14.2 model

Acknowledgement

We gratefully acknowledge new funding from the Climate Science and Communications Fund. The Fund represents a collaborative group of donors and scientists dedicated to supporting climate scientists and communicators and is administered by Surge Climate Talent. The views expressed in these analysis posts are those of the NSIDC science team and do not necessarily reflect the views of Surge Climate Talent.

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October 15th, 2025 15:33:02 EDT -0400 Sea Ice Today services reduced
Arctic zigs; Antarctic zags

Greetings, readers! Our monthly sea ice analyses are returning just in time for the September equinox. In the Arctic, the sea ice extent this summer was tracking 2012 levels until August. While Siberia and the Canadian Archipelago experienced a very warm summer, the high-latitude Arctic Ocean was relatively cool. In the Antarctic, sea ice underwent an unusually large mid-winter decline over a week in August. 

Overview of conditions

Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 averaged 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles), the seventh lowest in the satellite record (Figure 1a). This monthly average extent was 840,000 square kilometers (324,000 square miles) above the satellite record low set in 2012 (Figure 1b). Sea ice extent was far below average around most of the Arctic Ocean, with substantial open water particularly in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and East Siberian Seas. The Beaufort and Chukchi Seas experienced rapid change over the month. In early August, the ice edge in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas was near average, just off the north coast of Alaska. Then, during the first week of August, an open water region developed north of Utqiaġvik at about 75° N latitude. The open water region rapidly expanded, eventually becoming a large embayment in the ice edge. By the end of August, much of the ice in the Beaufort Sea had melted out. On the Atlantic side, relatively low sea ice concentrations were the rule, extending all the way to the pole (Figure 1c). 

Figure 1a. Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1b. This graph shows Arctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and the record low year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 in orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2012 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1c. This True Color Composite satellite image shows low sea ice concentration from Svalbard (lower right) toward the North Pole on August 31, 2026. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on the NASA Terra satellite captured this image. — Credit: NASA Worldview

Conditions in context

In spring and early summer, low pressure and relatively cool weather persisted over the Arctic Ocean. Average temperatures from May through July at the 925 millibar level (about 2,500 feet above the surface) were up to 2 degrees Celsius (4 degrees Fahrenheit) below the 1981 to 2026 average (Figure 2a). Persistent cold-cored cyclones kept temperatures low, resulting in a pronounced low pressure cell centered over the pole in the three-months average (Figure 2b). Cloudy conditions led to less solar insolation at the surface. This, combined with low temperature, led to late melt onset in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (Figure 2c) (Evident in preliminary data derived from passive microwave sensors, provided by Angela Bliss at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center). Melt began nearly a month later than the 1981 to 2010 average in the southern Chukchi Sea. On the Atlantic side, melt onset was earlier than average or near average. These strong regional contrasts guided the early summer progression of ice loss.

Figure 2a. This plot shows the departure from average air temperature in the Arctic at the 925 hectopascal, in degrees Celsius, for May through July 2026, relative to the 1981 to 2010 average. Yellows to reds indicate above average temperatures; greens to purples indicate below average temperatures. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2b. This plot shows average sea level pressure in the Arctic in hectopascal for May through July 2026. Yellows to reds indicate higher air pressure; greens to purples indicate lower pressure. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2c. The map on the left shows the onset of sea ice melt in the Arctic as a difference from the 1991 to 2020 average, measured in days. Yellow indicates where no melt has been detected. The graph on the left depicts the average onset of Arctic melt from 1979 to 2026, with the dashed red line noting the negative trend. — Credit: Angela Bliss, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

August 2026 compared to previous years

The downward linear trend in Arctic sea ice extent through 2026 for August is 69,100 square kilometers (26,700 square miles) per year or 9.6 percent per decade relative to the 1981 to 2010 average (Figure 3). Based on the linear trend, since 1979, August has lost 3.24 million square kilometers (1.25 million square miles) of sea ice. This is equivalent to about two times the size of Alaska. 

Figure 3. Monthly August ice extent for 1979 to 2026 shows a decline of 9.6 percent per decade. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Ship report from the pole

NSIDC scientist Matt Shupe and other researchers cruised to the pole on the Swedish icebreaker Oden, leaving Svalbard on August 10. Shupe noted the large amount of open water en-route seen in the satellite imagery: “[There was] a remarkable amount of open water, vast expanses sometimes large enough that I could not see the other side of them. These areas of open water extended pretty much the whole way to the pole." He also noted the absence of melt ponds, in contrast to recent years. Despite the open water, he noted that melt ponds had frozen over and were covered by snow (Figure 4). Data and reports from ships and field observations provide valuable detailed information and local context that complements satellite data. 

Figure 4. Ice floes spread vastly amid large areas of newly forming ice that were ice free through much of the summer. This photograph, taken from Icebreaker Oden at about 83°N latitude, captures an Arctic sunset on August 29. — Credit: Matthew Shupe, National Snow and Ice Data Center

Sea ice down south

In the Antarctic, sea ice is expanding and will reach its annual maximum extent in the coming weeks. This year, extent has been below the 1981 to 2010 average, as has been the case nearly every month since late 2016; however, it has been above the record low levels of 2023 and 2024. The August average extent was 16.46 million square kilometer (6.36 million square miles), 1.26 million square kilometers (486,000 square miles) below the 1981 to 2010 average. Earlier in the year, as late as May, ice extent was extremely low in the Bellingshausen Sea. This area has now largely recovered, but the adjacent Amundsen Sea has low sea ice extent, along with much of the East Antarctic region. 

The most notable feature of the austral growth season was a substantial decline in extent over a period of a week in early August. From August 8 to August 14, extent declined 310,000 square kilometers (120,000 square miles). Pauses in growth and short periods of decline are not unusual because of shifting weather patterns that can melt ice near the edge and/or push the ice edge poleward. This is especially true as the sea ice edge reaches the stormy northern latitudes of the Southern Ocean.

Figure 5a. Antarctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 16.46 million square kilometers (6.36 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 5b. This graph shows Antarctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and 2014, the record high year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 n orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2014 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Greenland Ice Sheet

While the other analysis site Ice Sheets Today remains in hiatus, we will include some updates from other sources as we receive them. The Greenland melt season has not been exceptional, but overall melt is similar to 2011 and 2016. The surface mass balance, calculated by the total snow and rainfall minus runoff and evaporation, stands at about -150 billion tons. Low snowfall last winter in several key exposed surface areas led to rapid runoff beginning in mid-July as the previous winter’s snow cover melted off. A few warm events spanned the southern dome of Greenland, but the more central Summit area did not see temperatures exceed -3 degrees Celsius (27 degrees Fahrenheit). 

Figure 6. This graph shows the surface mass balance for the Greenland Ice Sheet as a difference from the 1981 to 2010 average for September 2025 to August 2026, and several other recent seasons. The values are derived from the MAR 3.14.2 climate model based on weather data and physics. The gray band shows the 90 percent range of values over the entire model record. — Credit: X. Fettweis, University of Liège, MAR 3.14.2 model

Acknowledgement

We gratefully acknowledge new funding from the Climate Science and Communications Fund. The Fund represents a collaborative group of donors and scientists dedicated to supporting climate scientists and communicators and is administered by Surge Climate Talent. The views expressed in these analysis posts are those of the NSIDC science team and do not necessarily reflect the views of Surge Climate Talent.

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September 30th, 2025 12:01:53 EDT -0400 Antarctic sea ice maximum settles in third place
Arctic zigs; Antarctic zags

Greetings, readers! Our monthly sea ice analyses are returning just in time for the September equinox. In the Arctic, the sea ice extent this summer was tracking 2012 levels until August. While Siberia and the Canadian Archipelago experienced a very warm summer, the high-latitude Arctic Ocean was relatively cool. In the Antarctic, sea ice underwent an unusually large mid-winter decline over a week in August. 

Overview of conditions

Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 averaged 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles), the seventh lowest in the satellite record (Figure 1a). This monthly average extent was 840,000 square kilometers (324,000 square miles) above the satellite record low set in 2012 (Figure 1b). Sea ice extent was far below average around most of the Arctic Ocean, with substantial open water particularly in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and East Siberian Seas. The Beaufort and Chukchi Seas experienced rapid change over the month. In early August, the ice edge in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas was near average, just off the north coast of Alaska. Then, during the first week of August, an open water region developed north of Utqiaġvik at about 75° N latitude. The open water region rapidly expanded, eventually becoming a large embayment in the ice edge. By the end of August, much of the ice in the Beaufort Sea had melted out. On the Atlantic side, relatively low sea ice concentrations were the rule, extending all the way to the pole (Figure 1c). 

Figure 1a. Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1b. This graph shows Arctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and the record low year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 in orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2012 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1c. This True Color Composite satellite image shows low sea ice concentration from Svalbard (lower right) toward the North Pole on August 31, 2026. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on the NASA Terra satellite captured this image. — Credit: NASA Worldview

Conditions in context

In spring and early summer, low pressure and relatively cool weather persisted over the Arctic Ocean. Average temperatures from May through July at the 925 millibar level (about 2,500 feet above the surface) were up to 2 degrees Celsius (4 degrees Fahrenheit) below the 1981 to 2026 average (Figure 2a). Persistent cold-cored cyclones kept temperatures low, resulting in a pronounced low pressure cell centered over the pole in the three-months average (Figure 2b). Cloudy conditions led to less solar insolation at the surface. This, combined with low temperature, led to late melt onset in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (Figure 2c) (Evident in preliminary data derived from passive microwave sensors, provided by Angela Bliss at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center). Melt began nearly a month later than the 1981 to 2010 average in the southern Chukchi Sea. On the Atlantic side, melt onset was earlier than average or near average. These strong regional contrasts guided the early summer progression of ice loss.

Figure 2a. This plot shows the departure from average air temperature in the Arctic at the 925 hectopascal, in degrees Celsius, for May through July 2026, relative to the 1981 to 2010 average. Yellows to reds indicate above average temperatures; greens to purples indicate below average temperatures. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2b. This plot shows average sea level pressure in the Arctic in hectopascal for May through July 2026. Yellows to reds indicate higher air pressure; greens to purples indicate lower pressure. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2c. The map on the left shows the onset of sea ice melt in the Arctic as a difference from the 1991 to 2020 average, measured in days. Yellow indicates where no melt has been detected. The graph on the left depicts the average onset of Arctic melt from 1979 to 2026, with the dashed red line noting the negative trend. — Credit: Angela Bliss, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

August 2026 compared to previous years

The downward linear trend in Arctic sea ice extent through 2026 for August is 69,100 square kilometers (26,700 square miles) per year or 9.6 percent per decade relative to the 1981 to 2010 average (Figure 3). Based on the linear trend, since 1979, August has lost 3.24 million square kilometers (1.25 million square miles) of sea ice. This is equivalent to about two times the size of Alaska. 

Figure 3. Monthly August ice extent for 1979 to 2026 shows a decline of 9.6 percent per decade. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Ship report from the pole

NSIDC scientist Matt Shupe and other researchers cruised to the pole on the Swedish icebreaker Oden, leaving Svalbard on August 10. Shupe noted the large amount of open water en-route seen in the satellite imagery: “[There was] a remarkable amount of open water, vast expanses sometimes large enough that I could not see the other side of them. These areas of open water extended pretty much the whole way to the pole." He also noted the absence of melt ponds, in contrast to recent years. Despite the open water, he noted that melt ponds had frozen over and were covered by snow (Figure 4). Data and reports from ships and field observations provide valuable detailed information and local context that complements satellite data. 

Figure 4. Ice floes spread vastly amid large areas of newly forming ice that were ice free through much of the summer. This photograph, taken from Icebreaker Oden at about 83°N latitude, captures an Arctic sunset on August 29. — Credit: Matthew Shupe, National Snow and Ice Data Center

Sea ice down south

In the Antarctic, sea ice is expanding and will reach its annual maximum extent in the coming weeks. This year, extent has been below the 1981 to 2010 average, as has been the case nearly every month since late 2016; however, it has been above the record low levels of 2023 and 2024. The August average extent was 16.46 million square kilometer (6.36 million square miles), 1.26 million square kilometers (486,000 square miles) below the 1981 to 2010 average. Earlier in the year, as late as May, ice extent was extremely low in the Bellingshausen Sea. This area has now largely recovered, but the adjacent Amundsen Sea has low sea ice extent, along with much of the East Antarctic region. 

The most notable feature of the austral growth season was a substantial decline in extent over a period of a week in early August. From August 8 to August 14, extent declined 310,000 square kilometers (120,000 square miles). Pauses in growth and short periods of decline are not unusual because of shifting weather patterns that can melt ice near the edge and/or push the ice edge poleward. This is especially true as the sea ice edge reaches the stormy northern latitudes of the Southern Ocean.

Figure 5a. Antarctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 16.46 million square kilometers (6.36 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 5b. This graph shows Antarctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and 2014, the record high year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 n orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2014 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Greenland Ice Sheet

While the other analysis site Ice Sheets Today remains in hiatus, we will include some updates from other sources as we receive them. The Greenland melt season has not been exceptional, but overall melt is similar to 2011 and 2016. The surface mass balance, calculated by the total snow and rainfall minus runoff and evaporation, stands at about -150 billion tons. Low snowfall last winter in several key exposed surface areas led to rapid runoff beginning in mid-July as the previous winter’s snow cover melted off. A few warm events spanned the southern dome of Greenland, but the more central Summit area did not see temperatures exceed -3 degrees Celsius (27 degrees Fahrenheit). 

Figure 6. This graph shows the surface mass balance for the Greenland Ice Sheet as a difference from the 1981 to 2010 average for September 2025 to August 2026, and several other recent seasons. The values are derived from the MAR 3.14.2 climate model based on weather data and physics. The gray band shows the 90 percent range of values over the entire model record. — Credit: X. Fettweis, University of Liège, MAR 3.14.2 model

Acknowledgement

We gratefully acknowledge new funding from the Climate Science and Communications Fund. The Fund represents a collaborative group of donors and scientists dedicated to supporting climate scientists and communicators and is administered by Surge Climate Talent. The views expressed in these analysis posts are those of the NSIDC science team and do not necessarily reflect the views of Surge Climate Talent.

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September 17th, 2025 13:00:00 EDT -0400 2025 Arctic sea ice minimum squeezes into the ten lowest minimums
Arctic zigs; Antarctic zags

Greetings, readers! Our monthly sea ice analyses are returning just in time for the September equinox. In the Arctic, the sea ice extent this summer was tracking 2012 levels until August. While Siberia and the Canadian Archipelago experienced a very warm summer, the high-latitude Arctic Ocean was relatively cool. In the Antarctic, sea ice underwent an unusually large mid-winter decline over a week in August. 

Overview of conditions

Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 averaged 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles), the seventh lowest in the satellite record (Figure 1a). This monthly average extent was 840,000 square kilometers (324,000 square miles) above the satellite record low set in 2012 (Figure 1b). Sea ice extent was far below average around most of the Arctic Ocean, with substantial open water particularly in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and East Siberian Seas. The Beaufort and Chukchi Seas experienced rapid change over the month. In early August, the ice edge in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas was near average, just off the north coast of Alaska. Then, during the first week of August, an open water region developed north of Utqiaġvik at about 75° N latitude. The open water region rapidly expanded, eventually becoming a large embayment in the ice edge. By the end of August, much of the ice in the Beaufort Sea had melted out. On the Atlantic side, relatively low sea ice concentrations were the rule, extending all the way to the pole (Figure 1c). 

Figure 1a. Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1b. This graph shows Arctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and the record low year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 in orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2012 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1c. This True Color Composite satellite image shows low sea ice concentration from Svalbard (lower right) toward the North Pole on August 31, 2026. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on the NASA Terra satellite captured this image. — Credit: NASA Worldview

Conditions in context

In spring and early summer, low pressure and relatively cool weather persisted over the Arctic Ocean. Average temperatures from May through July at the 925 millibar level (about 2,500 feet above the surface) were up to 2 degrees Celsius (4 degrees Fahrenheit) below the 1981 to 2026 average (Figure 2a). Persistent cold-cored cyclones kept temperatures low, resulting in a pronounced low pressure cell centered over the pole in the three-months average (Figure 2b). Cloudy conditions led to less solar insolation at the surface. This, combined with low temperature, led to late melt onset in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (Figure 2c) (Evident in preliminary data derived from passive microwave sensors, provided by Angela Bliss at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center). Melt began nearly a month later than the 1981 to 2010 average in the southern Chukchi Sea. On the Atlantic side, melt onset was earlier than average or near average. These strong regional contrasts guided the early summer progression of ice loss.

Figure 2a. This plot shows the departure from average air temperature in the Arctic at the 925 hectopascal, in degrees Celsius, for May through July 2026, relative to the 1981 to 2010 average. Yellows to reds indicate above average temperatures; greens to purples indicate below average temperatures. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2b. This plot shows average sea level pressure in the Arctic in hectopascal for May through July 2026. Yellows to reds indicate higher air pressure; greens to purples indicate lower pressure. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2c. The map on the left shows the onset of sea ice melt in the Arctic as a difference from the 1991 to 2020 average, measured in days. Yellow indicates where no melt has been detected. The graph on the left depicts the average onset of Arctic melt from 1979 to 2026, with the dashed red line noting the negative trend. — Credit: Angela Bliss, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

August 2026 compared to previous years

The downward linear trend in Arctic sea ice extent through 2026 for August is 69,100 square kilometers (26,700 square miles) per year or 9.6 percent per decade relative to the 1981 to 2010 average (Figure 3). Based on the linear trend, since 1979, August has lost 3.24 million square kilometers (1.25 million square miles) of sea ice. This is equivalent to about two times the size of Alaska. 

Figure 3. Monthly August ice extent for 1979 to 2026 shows a decline of 9.6 percent per decade. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Ship report from the pole

NSIDC scientist Matt Shupe and other researchers cruised to the pole on the Swedish icebreaker Oden, leaving Svalbard on August 10. Shupe noted the large amount of open water en-route seen in the satellite imagery: “[There was] a remarkable amount of open water, vast expanses sometimes large enough that I could not see the other side of them. These areas of open water extended pretty much the whole way to the pole." He also noted the absence of melt ponds, in contrast to recent years. Despite the open water, he noted that melt ponds had frozen over and were covered by snow (Figure 4). Data and reports from ships and field observations provide valuable detailed information and local context that complements satellite data. 

Figure 4. Ice floes spread vastly amid large areas of newly forming ice that were ice free through much of the summer. This photograph, taken from Icebreaker Oden at about 83°N latitude, captures an Arctic sunset on August 29. — Credit: Matthew Shupe, National Snow and Ice Data Center

Sea ice down south

In the Antarctic, sea ice is expanding and will reach its annual maximum extent in the coming weeks. This year, extent has been below the 1981 to 2010 average, as has been the case nearly every month since late 2016; however, it has been above the record low levels of 2023 and 2024. The August average extent was 16.46 million square kilometer (6.36 million square miles), 1.26 million square kilometers (486,000 square miles) below the 1981 to 2010 average. Earlier in the year, as late as May, ice extent was extremely low in the Bellingshausen Sea. This area has now largely recovered, but the adjacent Amundsen Sea has low sea ice extent, along with much of the East Antarctic region. 

The most notable feature of the austral growth season was a substantial decline in extent over a period of a week in early August. From August 8 to August 14, extent declined 310,000 square kilometers (120,000 square miles). Pauses in growth and short periods of decline are not unusual because of shifting weather patterns that can melt ice near the edge and/or push the ice edge poleward. This is especially true as the sea ice edge reaches the stormy northern latitudes of the Southern Ocean.

Figure 5a. Antarctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 16.46 million square kilometers (6.36 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 5b. This graph shows Antarctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and 2014, the record high year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 n orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2014 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Greenland Ice Sheet

While the other analysis site Ice Sheets Today remains in hiatus, we will include some updates from other sources as we receive them. The Greenland melt season has not been exceptional, but overall melt is similar to 2011 and 2016. The surface mass balance, calculated by the total snow and rainfall minus runoff and evaporation, stands at about -150 billion tons. Low snowfall last winter in several key exposed surface areas led to rapid runoff beginning in mid-July as the previous winter’s snow cover melted off. A few warm events spanned the southern dome of Greenland, but the more central Summit area did not see temperatures exceed -3 degrees Celsius (27 degrees Fahrenheit). 

Figure 6. This graph shows the surface mass balance for the Greenland Ice Sheet as a difference from the 1981 to 2010 average for September 2025 to August 2026, and several other recent seasons. The values are derived from the MAR 3.14.2 climate model based on weather data and physics. The gray band shows the 90 percent range of values over the entire model record. — Credit: X. Fettweis, University of Liège, MAR 3.14.2 model

Acknowledgement

We gratefully acknowledge new funding from the Climate Science and Communications Fund. The Fund represents a collaborative group of donors and scientists dedicated to supporting climate scientists and communicators and is administered by Surge Climate Talent. The views expressed in these analysis posts are those of the NSIDC science team and do not necessarily reflect the views of Surge Climate Talent.

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September 10th, 2025 15:03:04 EDT -0400 Taking a bite out of the Beaufort
Arctic zigs; Antarctic zags

Greetings, readers! Our monthly sea ice analyses are returning just in time for the September equinox. In the Arctic, the sea ice extent this summer was tracking 2012 levels until August. While Siberia and the Canadian Archipelago experienced a very warm summer, the high-latitude Arctic Ocean was relatively cool. In the Antarctic, sea ice underwent an unusually large mid-winter decline over a week in August. 

Overview of conditions

Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 averaged 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles), the seventh lowest in the satellite record (Figure 1a). This monthly average extent was 840,000 square kilometers (324,000 square miles) above the satellite record low set in 2012 (Figure 1b). Sea ice extent was far below average around most of the Arctic Ocean, with substantial open water particularly in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and East Siberian Seas. The Beaufort and Chukchi Seas experienced rapid change over the month. In early August, the ice edge in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas was near average, just off the north coast of Alaska. Then, during the first week of August, an open water region developed north of Utqiaġvik at about 75° N latitude. The open water region rapidly expanded, eventually becoming a large embayment in the ice edge. By the end of August, much of the ice in the Beaufort Sea had melted out. On the Atlantic side, relatively low sea ice concentrations were the rule, extending all the way to the pole (Figure 1c). 

Figure 1a. Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1b. This graph shows Arctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and the record low year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 in orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2012 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1c. This True Color Composite satellite image shows low sea ice concentration from Svalbard (lower right) toward the North Pole on August 31, 2026. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on the NASA Terra satellite captured this image. — Credit: NASA Worldview

Conditions in context

In spring and early summer, low pressure and relatively cool weather persisted over the Arctic Ocean. Average temperatures from May through July at the 925 millibar level (about 2,500 feet above the surface) were up to 2 degrees Celsius (4 degrees Fahrenheit) below the 1981 to 2026 average (Figure 2a). Persistent cold-cored cyclones kept temperatures low, resulting in a pronounced low pressure cell centered over the pole in the three-months average (Figure 2b). Cloudy conditions led to less solar insolation at the surface. This, combined with low temperature, led to late melt onset in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (Figure 2c) (Evident in preliminary data derived from passive microwave sensors, provided by Angela Bliss at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center). Melt began nearly a month later than the 1981 to 2010 average in the southern Chukchi Sea. On the Atlantic side, melt onset was earlier than average or near average. These strong regional contrasts guided the early summer progression of ice loss.

Figure 2a. This plot shows the departure from average air temperature in the Arctic at the 925 hectopascal, in degrees Celsius, for May through July 2026, relative to the 1981 to 2010 average. Yellows to reds indicate above average temperatures; greens to purples indicate below average temperatures. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2b. This plot shows average sea level pressure in the Arctic in hectopascal for May through July 2026. Yellows to reds indicate higher air pressure; greens to purples indicate lower pressure. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2c. The map on the left shows the onset of sea ice melt in the Arctic as a difference from the 1991 to 2020 average, measured in days. Yellow indicates where no melt has been detected. The graph on the left depicts the average onset of Arctic melt from 1979 to 2026, with the dashed red line noting the negative trend. — Credit: Angela Bliss, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

August 2026 compared to previous years

The downward linear trend in Arctic sea ice extent through 2026 for August is 69,100 square kilometers (26,700 square miles) per year or 9.6 percent per decade relative to the 1981 to 2010 average (Figure 3). Based on the linear trend, since 1979, August has lost 3.24 million square kilometers (1.25 million square miles) of sea ice. This is equivalent to about two times the size of Alaska. 

Figure 3. Monthly August ice extent for 1979 to 2026 shows a decline of 9.6 percent per decade. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Ship report from the pole

NSIDC scientist Matt Shupe and other researchers cruised to the pole on the Swedish icebreaker Oden, leaving Svalbard on August 10. Shupe noted the large amount of open water en-route seen in the satellite imagery: “[There was] a remarkable amount of open water, vast expanses sometimes large enough that I could not see the other side of them. These areas of open water extended pretty much the whole way to the pole." He also noted the absence of melt ponds, in contrast to recent years. Despite the open water, he noted that melt ponds had frozen over and were covered by snow (Figure 4). Data and reports from ships and field observations provide valuable detailed information and local context that complements satellite data. 

Figure 4. Ice floes spread vastly amid large areas of newly forming ice that were ice free through much of the summer. This photograph, taken from Icebreaker Oden at about 83°N latitude, captures an Arctic sunset on August 29. — Credit: Matthew Shupe, National Snow and Ice Data Center

Sea ice down south

In the Antarctic, sea ice is expanding and will reach its annual maximum extent in the coming weeks. This year, extent has been below the 1981 to 2010 average, as has been the case nearly every month since late 2016; however, it has been above the record low levels of 2023 and 2024. The August average extent was 16.46 million square kilometer (6.36 million square miles), 1.26 million square kilometers (486,000 square miles) below the 1981 to 2010 average. Earlier in the year, as late as May, ice extent was extremely low in the Bellingshausen Sea. This area has now largely recovered, but the adjacent Amundsen Sea has low sea ice extent, along with much of the East Antarctic region. 

The most notable feature of the austral growth season was a substantial decline in extent over a period of a week in early August. From August 8 to August 14, extent declined 310,000 square kilometers (120,000 square miles). Pauses in growth and short periods of decline are not unusual because of shifting weather patterns that can melt ice near the edge and/or push the ice edge poleward. This is especially true as the sea ice edge reaches the stormy northern latitudes of the Southern Ocean.

Figure 5a. Antarctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 16.46 million square kilometers (6.36 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 5b. This graph shows Antarctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and 2014, the record high year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 n orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2014 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Greenland Ice Sheet

While the other analysis site Ice Sheets Today remains in hiatus, we will include some updates from other sources as we receive them. The Greenland melt season has not been exceptional, but overall melt is similar to 2011 and 2016. The surface mass balance, calculated by the total snow and rainfall minus runoff and evaporation, stands at about -150 billion tons. Low snowfall last winter in several key exposed surface areas led to rapid runoff beginning in mid-July as the previous winter’s snow cover melted off. A few warm events spanned the southern dome of Greenland, but the more central Summit area did not see temperatures exceed -3 degrees Celsius (27 degrees Fahrenheit). 

Figure 6. This graph shows the surface mass balance for the Greenland Ice Sheet as a difference from the 1981 to 2010 average for September 2025 to August 2026, and several other recent seasons. The values are derived from the MAR 3.14.2 climate model based on weather data and physics. The gray band shows the 90 percent range of values over the entire model record. — Credit: X. Fettweis, University of Liège, MAR 3.14.2 model

Acknowledgement

We gratefully acknowledge new funding from the Climate Science and Communications Fund. The Fund represents a collaborative group of donors and scientists dedicated to supporting climate scientists and communicators and is administered by Surge Climate Talent. The views expressed in these analysis posts are those of the NSIDC science team and do not necessarily reflect the views of Surge Climate Talent.

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August 7th, 2025 16:15:49 EDT -0400 The peak of summer, the depths of winter
Arctic zigs; Antarctic zags

Greetings, readers! Our monthly sea ice analyses are returning just in time for the September equinox. In the Arctic, the sea ice extent this summer was tracking 2012 levels until August. While Siberia and the Canadian Archipelago experienced a very warm summer, the high-latitude Arctic Ocean was relatively cool. In the Antarctic, sea ice underwent an unusually large mid-winter decline over a week in August. 

Overview of conditions

Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 averaged 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles), the seventh lowest in the satellite record (Figure 1a). This monthly average extent was 840,000 square kilometers (324,000 square miles) above the satellite record low set in 2012 (Figure 1b). Sea ice extent was far below average around most of the Arctic Ocean, with substantial open water particularly in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and East Siberian Seas. The Beaufort and Chukchi Seas experienced rapid change over the month. In early August, the ice edge in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas was near average, just off the north coast of Alaska. Then, during the first week of August, an open water region developed north of Utqiaġvik at about 75° N latitude. The open water region rapidly expanded, eventually becoming a large embayment in the ice edge. By the end of August, much of the ice in the Beaufort Sea had melted out. On the Atlantic side, relatively low sea ice concentrations were the rule, extending all the way to the pole (Figure 1c). 

Figure 1a. Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1b. This graph shows Arctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and the record low year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 in orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2012 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1c. This True Color Composite satellite image shows low sea ice concentration from Svalbard (lower right) toward the North Pole on August 31, 2026. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on the NASA Terra satellite captured this image. — Credit: NASA Worldview

Conditions in context

In spring and early summer, low pressure and relatively cool weather persisted over the Arctic Ocean. Average temperatures from May through July at the 925 millibar level (about 2,500 feet above the surface) were up to 2 degrees Celsius (4 degrees Fahrenheit) below the 1981 to 2026 average (Figure 2a). Persistent cold-cored cyclones kept temperatures low, resulting in a pronounced low pressure cell centered over the pole in the three-months average (Figure 2b). Cloudy conditions led to less solar insolation at the surface. This, combined with low temperature, led to late melt onset in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (Figure 2c) (Evident in preliminary data derived from passive microwave sensors, provided by Angela Bliss at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center). Melt began nearly a month later than the 1981 to 2010 average in the southern Chukchi Sea. On the Atlantic side, melt onset was earlier than average or near average. These strong regional contrasts guided the early summer progression of ice loss.

Figure 2a. This plot shows the departure from average air temperature in the Arctic at the 925 hectopascal, in degrees Celsius, for May through July 2026, relative to the 1981 to 2010 average. Yellows to reds indicate above average temperatures; greens to purples indicate below average temperatures. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2b. This plot shows average sea level pressure in the Arctic in hectopascal for May through July 2026. Yellows to reds indicate higher air pressure; greens to purples indicate lower pressure. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2c. The map on the left shows the onset of sea ice melt in the Arctic as a difference from the 1991 to 2020 average, measured in days. Yellow indicates where no melt has been detected. The graph on the left depicts the average onset of Arctic melt from 1979 to 2026, with the dashed red line noting the negative trend. — Credit: Angela Bliss, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

August 2026 compared to previous years

The downward linear trend in Arctic sea ice extent through 2026 for August is 69,100 square kilometers (26,700 square miles) per year or 9.6 percent per decade relative to the 1981 to 2010 average (Figure 3). Based on the linear trend, since 1979, August has lost 3.24 million square kilometers (1.25 million square miles) of sea ice. This is equivalent to about two times the size of Alaska. 

Figure 3. Monthly August ice extent for 1979 to 2026 shows a decline of 9.6 percent per decade. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Ship report from the pole

NSIDC scientist Matt Shupe and other researchers cruised to the pole on the Swedish icebreaker Oden, leaving Svalbard on August 10. Shupe noted the large amount of open water en-route seen in the satellite imagery: “[There was] a remarkable amount of open water, vast expanses sometimes large enough that I could not see the other side of them. These areas of open water extended pretty much the whole way to the pole." He also noted the absence of melt ponds, in contrast to recent years. Despite the open water, he noted that melt ponds had frozen over and were covered by snow (Figure 4). Data and reports from ships and field observations provide valuable detailed information and local context that complements satellite data. 

Figure 4. Ice floes spread vastly amid large areas of newly forming ice that were ice free through much of the summer. This photograph, taken from Icebreaker Oden at about 83°N latitude, captures an Arctic sunset on August 29. — Credit: Matthew Shupe, National Snow and Ice Data Center

Sea ice down south

In the Antarctic, sea ice is expanding and will reach its annual maximum extent in the coming weeks. This year, extent has been below the 1981 to 2010 average, as has been the case nearly every month since late 2016; however, it has been above the record low levels of 2023 and 2024. The August average extent was 16.46 million square kilometer (6.36 million square miles), 1.26 million square kilometers (486,000 square miles) below the 1981 to 2010 average. Earlier in the year, as late as May, ice extent was extremely low in the Bellingshausen Sea. This area has now largely recovered, but the adjacent Amundsen Sea has low sea ice extent, along with much of the East Antarctic region. 

The most notable feature of the austral growth season was a substantial decline in extent over a period of a week in early August. From August 8 to August 14, extent declined 310,000 square kilometers (120,000 square miles). Pauses in growth and short periods of decline are not unusual because of shifting weather patterns that can melt ice near the edge and/or push the ice edge poleward. This is especially true as the sea ice edge reaches the stormy northern latitudes of the Southern Ocean.

Figure 5a. Antarctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 16.46 million square kilometers (6.36 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 5b. This graph shows Antarctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and 2014, the record high year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 n orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2014 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Greenland Ice Sheet

While the other analysis site Ice Sheets Today remains in hiatus, we will include some updates from other sources as we receive them. The Greenland melt season has not been exceptional, but overall melt is similar to 2011 and 2016. The surface mass balance, calculated by the total snow and rainfall minus runoff and evaporation, stands at about -150 billion tons. Low snowfall last winter in several key exposed surface areas led to rapid runoff beginning in mid-July as the previous winter’s snow cover melted off. A few warm events spanned the southern dome of Greenland, but the more central Summit area did not see temperatures exceed -3 degrees Celsius (27 degrees Fahrenheit). 

Figure 6. This graph shows the surface mass balance for the Greenland Ice Sheet as a difference from the 1981 to 2010 average for September 2025 to August 2026, and several other recent seasons. The values are derived from the MAR 3.14.2 climate model based on weather data and physics. The gray band shows the 90 percent range of values over the entire model record. — Credit: X. Fettweis, University of Liège, MAR 3.14.2 model

Acknowledgement

We gratefully acknowledge new funding from the Climate Science and Communications Fund. The Fund represents a collaborative group of donors and scientists dedicated to supporting climate scientists and communicators and is administered by Surge Climate Talent. The views expressed in these analysis posts are those of the NSIDC science team and do not necessarily reflect the views of Surge Climate Talent.

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July 9th, 2025 14:01:54 EDT -0400 SSMIS sunsets AMSR2 rises
Arctic zigs; Antarctic zags

Greetings, readers! Our monthly sea ice analyses are returning just in time for the September equinox. In the Arctic, the sea ice extent this summer was tracking 2012 levels until August. While Siberia and the Canadian Archipelago experienced a very warm summer, the high-latitude Arctic Ocean was relatively cool. In the Antarctic, sea ice underwent an unusually large mid-winter decline over a week in August. 

Overview of conditions

Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 averaged 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles), the seventh lowest in the satellite record (Figure 1a). This monthly average extent was 840,000 square kilometers (324,000 square miles) above the satellite record low set in 2012 (Figure 1b). Sea ice extent was far below average around most of the Arctic Ocean, with substantial open water particularly in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and East Siberian Seas. The Beaufort and Chukchi Seas experienced rapid change over the month. In early August, the ice edge in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas was near average, just off the north coast of Alaska. Then, during the first week of August, an open water region developed north of Utqiaġvik at about 75° N latitude. The open water region rapidly expanded, eventually becoming a large embayment in the ice edge. By the end of August, much of the ice in the Beaufort Sea had melted out. On the Atlantic side, relatively low sea ice concentrations were the rule, extending all the way to the pole (Figure 1c). 

Figure 1a. Arctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 5.56 million square kilometers (2.15 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1b. This graph shows Arctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and the record low year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 in orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2012 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 1c. This True Color Composite satellite image shows low sea ice concentration from Svalbard (lower right) toward the North Pole on August 31, 2026. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on the NASA Terra satellite captured this image. — Credit: NASA Worldview

Conditions in context

In spring and early summer, low pressure and relatively cool weather persisted over the Arctic Ocean. Average temperatures from May through July at the 925 millibar level (about 2,500 feet above the surface) were up to 2 degrees Celsius (4 degrees Fahrenheit) below the 1981 to 2026 average (Figure 2a). Persistent cold-cored cyclones kept temperatures low, resulting in a pronounced low pressure cell centered over the pole in the three-months average (Figure 2b). Cloudy conditions led to less solar insolation at the surface. This, combined with low temperature, led to late melt onset in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (Figure 2c) (Evident in preliminary data derived from passive microwave sensors, provided by Angela Bliss at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center). Melt began nearly a month later than the 1981 to 2010 average in the southern Chukchi Sea. On the Atlantic side, melt onset was earlier than average or near average. These strong regional contrasts guided the early summer progression of ice loss.

Figure 2a. This plot shows the departure from average air temperature in the Arctic at the 925 hectopascal, in degrees Celsius, for May through July 2026, relative to the 1981 to 2010 average. Yellows to reds indicate above average temperatures; greens to purples indicate below average temperatures. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2b. This plot shows average sea level pressure in the Arctic in hectopascal for May through July 2026. Yellows to reds indicate higher air pressure; greens to purples indicate lower pressure. Based on data set ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5), DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47. — Credit: NSIDC courtesy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Laboratory

Figure 2c. The map on the left shows the onset of sea ice melt in the Arctic as a difference from the 1991 to 2020 average, measured in days. Yellow indicates where no melt has been detected. The graph on the left depicts the average onset of Arctic melt from 1979 to 2026, with the dashed red line noting the negative trend. — Credit: Angela Bliss, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

August 2026 compared to previous years

The downward linear trend in Arctic sea ice extent through 2026 for August is 69,100 square kilometers (26,700 square miles) per year or 9.6 percent per decade relative to the 1981 to 2010 average (Figure 3). Based on the linear trend, since 1979, August has lost 3.24 million square kilometers (1.25 million square miles) of sea ice. This is equivalent to about two times the size of Alaska. 

Figure 3. Monthly August ice extent for 1979 to 2026 shows a decline of 9.6 percent per decade. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Ship report from the pole

NSIDC scientist Matt Shupe and other researchers cruised to the pole on the Swedish icebreaker Oden, leaving Svalbard on August 10. Shupe noted the large amount of open water en-route seen in the satellite imagery: “[There was] a remarkable amount of open water, vast expanses sometimes large enough that I could not see the other side of them. These areas of open water extended pretty much the whole way to the pole." He also noted the absence of melt ponds, in contrast to recent years. Despite the open water, he noted that melt ponds had frozen over and were covered by snow (Figure 4). Data and reports from ships and field observations provide valuable detailed information and local context that complements satellite data. 

Figure 4. Ice floes spread vastly amid large areas of newly forming ice that were ice free through much of the summer. This photograph, taken from Icebreaker Oden at about 83°N latitude, captures an Arctic sunset on August 29. — Credit: Matthew Shupe, National Snow and Ice Data Center

Sea ice down south

In the Antarctic, sea ice is expanding and will reach its annual maximum extent in the coming weeks. This year, extent has been below the 1981 to 2010 average, as has been the case nearly every month since late 2016; however, it has been above the record low levels of 2023 and 2024. The August average extent was 16.46 million square kilometer (6.36 million square miles), 1.26 million square kilometers (486,000 square miles) below the 1981 to 2010 average. Earlier in the year, as late as May, ice extent was extremely low in the Bellingshausen Sea. This area has now largely recovered, but the adjacent Amundsen Sea has low sea ice extent, along with much of the East Antarctic region. 

The most notable feature of the austral growth season was a substantial decline in extent over a period of a week in early August. From August 8 to August 14, extent declined 310,000 square kilometers (120,000 square miles). Pauses in growth and short periods of decline are not unusual because of shifting weather patterns that can melt ice near the edge and/or push the ice edge poleward. This is especially true as the sea ice edge reaches the stormy northern latitudes of the Southern Ocean.

Figure 5a. Antarctic sea ice extent for August 2026 was 16.46 million square kilometers (6.36 million square miles). The magenta line shows the 1981 to 2010 average extent for that month. Sea Ice Index data. About the data — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Figure 5b. This graph shows Antarctic sea ice extent as of September 2, 2026, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and 2014, the record high year. 2026 is shown in blue, 2025 in green, 2024 n orange, 2023 in brown, 2022 in magenta, and 2014 in dashed brown. The 1981 to 2010 median is in dark gray. The gray areas around the median line show the interquartile and interdecile ranges of the data. Sea Ice Index data. — Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Greenland Ice Sheet

While the other analysis site Ice Sheets Today remains in hiatus, we will include some updates from other sources as we receive them. The Greenland melt season has not been exceptional, but overall melt is similar to 2011 and 2016. The surface mass balance, calculated by the total snow and rainfall minus runoff and evaporation, stands at about -150 billion tons. Low snowfall last winter in several key exposed surface areas led to rapid runoff beginning in mid-July as the previous winter’s snow cover melted off. A few warm events spanned the southern dome of Greenland, but the more central Summit area did not see temperatures exceed -3 degrees Celsius (27 degrees Fahrenheit). 

Figure 6. This graph shows the surface mass balance for the Greenland Ice Sheet as a difference from the 1981 to 2010 average for September 2025 to August 2026, and several other recent seasons. The values are derived from the MAR 3.14.2 climate model based on weather data and physics. The gray band shows the 90 percent range of values over the entire model record. — Credit: X. Fettweis, University of Liège, MAR 3.14.2 model

Acknowledgement

We gratefully acknowledge new funding from the Climate Science and Communications Fund. The Fund represents a collaborative group of donors and scientists dedicated to supporting climate scientists and communicators and is administered by Surge Climate Talent. The views expressed in these analysis posts are those of the NSIDC science team and do not necessarily reflect the views of Surge Climate Talent.

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June 3rd, 2025 13:56:34 EDT -0400 May sea ice…always grace our planet’s poles
Navigating New Ways of Arctic Research

By Agnieszka Gautier

Even the most well-intentioned Arctic research can fall short for Indigenous communities. Historically, academic research from dominant cultures has extracted Indigenous Knowledge without adequately considering community participation. The phenomena known as “helicopter or parachute science” refers to researchers flying into distant northern regions, extracting data or stories, and then flying out with little interaction with Indigenous Peoples afterward. In this model, data collection is prioritized over relationship building and equitable partnership. Even in recent decades, researchers have used consent and release forms that effectively signed over documented Indigenous Knowledge to their universities.

More recent initiatives have aimed to include Indigenous voices into Arctic research. In 2016, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) released its 10 big ideas for long-term research and developed the Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) program, which addresses the challenges of a rapidly changing Arctic where temperatures are rising at four times the rate of the global average. Consequently, the Arctic is a hotspot for environmental shifts with rippling effects on its communities. 

Iron minerals weather into the watershed of the Saviukviayak River in Alaska's Brooks Range. The Brooks Range is a mountain range in far northern North America stretching some 1130 kilometers (700 miles) from west to east across northern Alaska into Canada's Yukon Territory. — Credit: Rose Cory, 2016

This abstract photograph features cracked lake ice next to sorted circles and polygonal ground near Garmaksla Mountain, Spitsbergen, which is the largest and only permanently inhabited island in the Svalbard archipelago, located in the Arctic Ocean well north of mainland Norway. — Credit: Nil Rodes, 2022

Too often the Arctic is imagined as a barren, uninhabited landscape. The opposite is true. About four million people live in the Arctic, including more than 500,000 Indigenous Peoples with their own languages, cultural practices, and relationships to the land. The Arctic landscape is dynamic, morphing from expansive tundra into rugged mountains with marine ecosystems bleeding into coastal wetlands. From the boreal forests to sea ice, these complex environments require consistent, regular monitoring to better understand the changes unfolding. 

In 2021, the NNA-Community Office (CO) was established to help coordinate multiple projects, build lasting partnerships, and offer resources and opportunities for knowledge exchange. The central office is based at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), at the University of Colorado (CU) Boulder with partner locations at Alaska Pacific University (APU) and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF). The NNA-CO supports the goals of NNA through communication, coordination, education, and outreach. Though the NNA program has not accepted new proposals since 2023, the NNA-CO continues to support currently funded projects. Without continued funding, however, the NNA program is nearing an end. 

A Nenets woman stands with her reindeer herd in the Far North on the Yamal Peninsula in Russia. The Nenets are an Indigenous group in the Russian Arctic, numbering about 49,000, known for reindeer herding and annual migrations of up to 1,000 kilometers (621 miles) across the Yamal Peninsula.” — Credit: Adobe Stock

A different approach

An integral component of the NNA-CO is to take a different approach to Arctic research. Nikoosh Carlo, a co-principal investigator (co-PI) for the Community Office and the founder of CNC North Consulting, explains, “So maybe we’re having a cup of tea at the kitchen table, or we’re cutting fish, or we’re doing some other thing that some might think is not related to research itself, but it's really related to building the relationship to say, ‘Well, what are some things that we can work on together? Where do our interests align?’”  

Fish racks tower over a row of red buildings on stilts in the Lofoten Islands in the Norwegian Arctic. — Credit: Anna Lena Bercht, 2015

Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) dries in the cold air and wind in the Lofoten Islands in the Norwegian Arctic. — Credit: Anna Lena Bercht, 2015

Carlo believes that fostering relationships needs to occur even before a research proposal is submitted. As part of the US NSF’s approach to long-term research, the NNA-CO has supported planning grants. While not unique to NNA, these grants have helped broaden the awareness of the importance of building relationships before beginning this type of work. “In order to solve these complex problems in the Arctic, it’s going to need all different types of information,” Carlo added. Working with communities whose knowledge is rooted in millennia of experience on these lands is key to building a more holistic understanding of Arctic change. Carlo has personal experience behind different ways of knowing and learning beyond academia.

Though Carlo grew up in Fairbanks, Alaska, her ancestral roots run deep into the interior of Alaska along the Yukon River. “My experience with learning and interacting with other people is multi-generational,” Carlo said. Learning involves a lot of watching, listening, and doing. As a child, sitting on the floor while Elders gathered at the kitchen table, Carlo learned to be present. “At some point, you may ask a question or without even knowing when, you become part of the process of learning,” she added. “So, it’s a combination of trying and doing things, even if you’re going to get it wrong. It’s the act of just trying to do it that matters.” Carlo sees parallels between her childhood experience and how the NNA-CO should function.  

That different approach comes down to coproduction or cocreation: different groups working together with an understanding of their respective responsibilities and goals, grounded in mutual respect. Carlo described coproduction as taking the time to sit down and design what the relationship should be and what the expectations are for roles and responsibilities. “It’s really asking someone to just be an informed good person,” said NSIDC researcher Matthew Druckenmiller, the Community Office Director. “Show up, involve people, see value in difference. In many ways, it’s just common sense. It makes more sense, though, when you see where we’ve made progress and where we still have a lot of progress to do.”  

Children run on boardwalks in the remote Alaska community of Kongiganak. — Credit: Amanda Byrd, 2018

Frost and snow immerse a playground in the middle of winter in Utqiaġvik, Alaska. — Credit: Mia Bennett, 2020

Nothing about us without us 

One of the NNA-CO's major efforts is to bring people together in different ways. Rather than individual researchers presenting their work, the NNA-CO strives toward a mix of dialogue and discussion, offering panel or teaching sessions for stronger participant engagement.   

For example, during the Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW), which took place in March 2025 in Boulder, Colorado, the NNA-CO supported and co-hosted the Indigenous Pavilion, where participants could gather in a more intimate setting. The summit brought more than 800 researchers and Indigenous experts, focused on developing a strategy for the next decade of Arctic research. The pavilion offered a place where meaningful connections could be made, which can be difficult in lecture-based, large conferences. The structure featured two interwoven tents with an outdoor firepit to gather around. In the evenings, singing, dancing, and food sharing helped build connections among attendees. As the summit concluded, the Indigenous participants and supporters came together to hold up a banner stating, a phrase that captures a grounding principle for research in Indigenous homelands: Nothing about us without us. 

Participants gather to take a photo in front of an "Indigenous Pavilion," a ceremonial space designed to uplift Indigenous voices in Arctic research at the 2025 Arctic Science Summit Week. — Credit: International Arctic Science Committee (IASC)

Druckenmiller believes it is a profound statement and speaks to how research in the past often excluded these voices. “Even projects that had immediate relevance and could benefit Arctic communities rarely delivered results back to the people who need it the most,” Druckenmiller said. “So, if you're trying to support, whether you call it adaptation or resilience or just informed planning, it really requires the solutions being sustainable in the community, culturally appropriate, place based.” But that requires a longer-term perspective than a typical three-year grant allows. 

Druckenmiller emphasizes that there is no substitute for time. To truly engage on a community level requires tremendous commitment. However, research positions are often not designed to sustain long-term projects. “I think there are ways of improving upon this model,” Druckenmiller said, “and I think the Community Office has shed light on that in a lot of ways.” Coproduction is essential, and the NNA-CO has embraced that concept, supporting progress through their relationship-building approach at conferences such as ASSW.

The Indigenous Pavilion at the 2026 Arctic Science Summit Week on the campus of the University of Aarhus in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Vera Kuklina, 2026

In March 2026, at the ASSW in Aarhus, Denmark, the NNA-CO again supported a team that created an Indigenous Pavilion modeled on the one in Colorado. “The pavilion made us feel at home again,” said Indigenous scholar Inga Hensen. “To show our cultures with singing and ceremonies made us feel like yes, even though there is a summit about the Arctic we can go back to our roots, and within seconds we can adapt to the mainstream way of western society conference.” Another Indigenous scholar Vera Kuklina said, “The Pavilion provided me with the unique opportunity to meet, learn from, and build relations with Arctic scholars, artists, and knowledge holders across the whole Arctic. I’m inspired by our Indigenous scholars who walk two worlds and bring together the best of them.” 

The next NNA Annual Community Meeting will be held in September 2026 in Fairbanks, Alaska, focusing on “Living with Change.”

 

Identifying our legacy 

With less than three years of funding remaining, the NNA-CO is looking to the future. Kuklina said, “I greatly appreciate the efforts and dedication of our allies who in the current situation of shrinking funding and public pressure keep supporting us in all endeavors.” Without a dedicated funding stream, however, projects built around coproduction of knowledge may be harder to develop and sustain.  

As active NNA projects wind down, the Community Office will eventually do the same, raising a question about its legacy. “I like to say its legacy will be the people,” Carlo said. “The people it brought in to have conversations around what it means to work co-creatively. What does it mean to consider knowledges that are different and more diverse than academically trained science? What does it mean for institutions to structure their organization to support this work? I think the Community Office has illustrated these questions more clearly.” 

 

 

Sámi scientist and leader Gunn-Britt Retter contributes to a discussion at the Indigenous Pavilion at the 2026 Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW) in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Kari Fannar Larusson, 2026

Unangax̂ scholar and dancer Haliehana Alaĝum Ayagaa Stepetin performs at the Indigenous Pavilion at ASSW 2026 in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Kari Fannar Larusson, 2026

The answers are only beginning to take shape at some institutions, but growing awareness that the NNA initiative can provide greater value than the sum of its individually funded projects has already left a mark. As Carlo put it, “We can work together and consider different perspectives, different types of knowledge, including Indigenous Knowledge that is deeply rooted to a place and over generations, to drive research questions and to then know how to apply the research results on the backend.” 

Druckenmiller hopes that part of the Community Office’s legacy will be the ability to demonstrate what has come out of this research and investment. “We want to be able to revisit what we’ve done here and look at how career trajectories have shifted or who’s still engaged a few years down the road,” he said. To do this, the NNA-CO is developing an evaluation framework to share NNA results and lessons with NSF leadership, policymakers, and Indigenous organizations. Druckenmiller added, “This detailed accounting will catalog what was realized with this $150 million investment, and hopefully it will provide a bit of a roadmap for future research investments.” 

But as Carlo sees it, the Community Office’s most enduring legacy may ultimately be simpler: the people and relationships it brought together.

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Boat sails in ice free waters in Arctic
May 6th, 2025 19:45:14 EDT -0400 April falls flat
Navigating New Ways of Arctic Research

By Agnieszka Gautier

Even the most well-intentioned Arctic research can fall short for Indigenous communities. Historically, academic research from dominant cultures has extracted Indigenous Knowledge without adequately considering community participation. The phenomena known as “helicopter or parachute science” refers to researchers flying into distant northern regions, extracting data or stories, and then flying out with little interaction with Indigenous Peoples afterward. In this model, data collection is prioritized over relationship building and equitable partnership. Even in recent decades, researchers have used consent and release forms that effectively signed over documented Indigenous Knowledge to their universities.

More recent initiatives have aimed to include Indigenous voices into Arctic research. In 2016, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) released its 10 big ideas for long-term research and developed the Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) program, which addresses the challenges of a rapidly changing Arctic where temperatures are rising at four times the rate of the global average. Consequently, the Arctic is a hotspot for environmental shifts with rippling effects on its communities. 

Iron minerals weather into the watershed of the Saviukviayak River in Alaska's Brooks Range. The Brooks Range is a mountain range in far northern North America stretching some 1130 kilometers (700 miles) from west to east across northern Alaska into Canada's Yukon Territory. — Credit: Rose Cory, 2016

This abstract photograph features cracked lake ice next to sorted circles and polygonal ground near Garmaksla Mountain, Spitsbergen, which is the largest and only permanently inhabited island in the Svalbard archipelago, located in the Arctic Ocean well north of mainland Norway. — Credit: Nil Rodes, 2022

Too often the Arctic is imagined as a barren, uninhabited landscape. The opposite is true. About four million people live in the Arctic, including more than 500,000 Indigenous Peoples with their own languages, cultural practices, and relationships to the land. The Arctic landscape is dynamic, morphing from expansive tundra into rugged mountains with marine ecosystems bleeding into coastal wetlands. From the boreal forests to sea ice, these complex environments require consistent, regular monitoring to better understand the changes unfolding. 

In 2021, the NNA-Community Office (CO) was established to help coordinate multiple projects, build lasting partnerships, and offer resources and opportunities for knowledge exchange. The central office is based at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), at the University of Colorado (CU) Boulder with partner locations at Alaska Pacific University (APU) and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF). The NNA-CO supports the goals of NNA through communication, coordination, education, and outreach. Though the NNA program has not accepted new proposals since 2023, the NNA-CO continues to support currently funded projects. Without continued funding, however, the NNA program is nearing an end. 

A Nenets woman stands with her reindeer herd in the Far North on the Yamal Peninsula in Russia. The Nenets are an Indigenous group in the Russian Arctic, numbering about 49,000, known for reindeer herding and annual migrations of up to 1,000 kilometers (621 miles) across the Yamal Peninsula.” — Credit: Adobe Stock

A different approach

An integral component of the NNA-CO is to take a different approach to Arctic research. Nikoosh Carlo, a co-principal investigator (co-PI) for the Community Office and the founder of CNC North Consulting, explains, “So maybe we’re having a cup of tea at the kitchen table, or we’re cutting fish, or we’re doing some other thing that some might think is not related to research itself, but it's really related to building the relationship to say, ‘Well, what are some things that we can work on together? Where do our interests align?’”  

Fish racks tower over a row of red buildings on stilts in the Lofoten Islands in the Norwegian Arctic. — Credit: Anna Lena Bercht, 2015

Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) dries in the cold air and wind in the Lofoten Islands in the Norwegian Arctic. — Credit: Anna Lena Bercht, 2015

Carlo believes that fostering relationships needs to occur even before a research proposal is submitted. As part of the US NSF’s approach to long-term research, the NNA-CO has supported planning grants. While not unique to NNA, these grants have helped broaden the awareness of the importance of building relationships before beginning this type of work. “In order to solve these complex problems in the Arctic, it’s going to need all different types of information,” Carlo added. Working with communities whose knowledge is rooted in millennia of experience on these lands is key to building a more holistic understanding of Arctic change. Carlo has personal experience behind different ways of knowing and learning beyond academia.

Though Carlo grew up in Fairbanks, Alaska, her ancestral roots run deep into the interior of Alaska along the Yukon River. “My experience with learning and interacting with other people is multi-generational,” Carlo said. Learning involves a lot of watching, listening, and doing. As a child, sitting on the floor while Elders gathered at the kitchen table, Carlo learned to be present. “At some point, you may ask a question or without even knowing when, you become part of the process of learning,” she added. “So, it’s a combination of trying and doing things, even if you’re going to get it wrong. It’s the act of just trying to do it that matters.” Carlo sees parallels between her childhood experience and how the NNA-CO should function.  

That different approach comes down to coproduction or cocreation: different groups working together with an understanding of their respective responsibilities and goals, grounded in mutual respect. Carlo described coproduction as taking the time to sit down and design what the relationship should be and what the expectations are for roles and responsibilities. “It’s really asking someone to just be an informed good person,” said NSIDC researcher Matthew Druckenmiller, the Community Office Director. “Show up, involve people, see value in difference. In many ways, it’s just common sense. It makes more sense, though, when you see where we’ve made progress and where we still have a lot of progress to do.”  

Children run on boardwalks in the remote Alaska community of Kongiganak. — Credit: Amanda Byrd, 2018

Frost and snow immerse a playground in the middle of winter in Utqiaġvik, Alaska. — Credit: Mia Bennett, 2020

Nothing about us without us 

One of the NNA-CO's major efforts is to bring people together in different ways. Rather than individual researchers presenting their work, the NNA-CO strives toward a mix of dialogue and discussion, offering panel or teaching sessions for stronger participant engagement.   

For example, during the Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW), which took place in March 2025 in Boulder, Colorado, the NNA-CO supported and co-hosted the Indigenous Pavilion, where participants could gather in a more intimate setting. The summit brought more than 800 researchers and Indigenous experts, focused on developing a strategy for the next decade of Arctic research. The pavilion offered a place where meaningful connections could be made, which can be difficult in lecture-based, large conferences. The structure featured two interwoven tents with an outdoor firepit to gather around. In the evenings, singing, dancing, and food sharing helped build connections among attendees. As the summit concluded, the Indigenous participants and supporters came together to hold up a banner stating, a phrase that captures a grounding principle for research in Indigenous homelands: Nothing about us without us. 

Participants gather to take a photo in front of an "Indigenous Pavilion," a ceremonial space designed to uplift Indigenous voices in Arctic research at the 2025 Arctic Science Summit Week. — Credit: International Arctic Science Committee (IASC)

Druckenmiller believes it is a profound statement and speaks to how research in the past often excluded these voices. “Even projects that had immediate relevance and could benefit Arctic communities rarely delivered results back to the people who need it the most,” Druckenmiller said. “So, if you're trying to support, whether you call it adaptation or resilience or just informed planning, it really requires the solutions being sustainable in the community, culturally appropriate, place based.” But that requires a longer-term perspective than a typical three-year grant allows. 

Druckenmiller emphasizes that there is no substitute for time. To truly engage on a community level requires tremendous commitment. However, research positions are often not designed to sustain long-term projects. “I think there are ways of improving upon this model,” Druckenmiller said, “and I think the Community Office has shed light on that in a lot of ways.” Coproduction is essential, and the NNA-CO has embraced that concept, supporting progress through their relationship-building approach at conferences such as ASSW.

The Indigenous Pavilion at the 2026 Arctic Science Summit Week on the campus of the University of Aarhus in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Vera Kuklina, 2026

In March 2026, at the ASSW in Aarhus, Denmark, the NNA-CO again supported a team that created an Indigenous Pavilion modeled on the one in Colorado. “The pavilion made us feel at home again,” said Indigenous scholar Inga Hensen. “To show our cultures with singing and ceremonies made us feel like yes, even though there is a summit about the Arctic we can go back to our roots, and within seconds we can adapt to the mainstream way of western society conference.” Another Indigenous scholar Vera Kuklina said, “The Pavilion provided me with the unique opportunity to meet, learn from, and build relations with Arctic scholars, artists, and knowledge holders across the whole Arctic. I’m inspired by our Indigenous scholars who walk two worlds and bring together the best of them.” 

The next NNA Annual Community Meeting will be held in September 2026 in Fairbanks, Alaska, focusing on “Living with Change.”

 

Identifying our legacy 

With less than three years of funding remaining, the NNA-CO is looking to the future. Kuklina said, “I greatly appreciate the efforts and dedication of our allies who in the current situation of shrinking funding and public pressure keep supporting us in all endeavors.” Without a dedicated funding stream, however, projects built around coproduction of knowledge may be harder to develop and sustain.  

As active NNA projects wind down, the Community Office will eventually do the same, raising a question about its legacy. “I like to say its legacy will be the people,” Carlo said. “The people it brought in to have conversations around what it means to work co-creatively. What does it mean to consider knowledges that are different and more diverse than academically trained science? What does it mean for institutions to structure their organization to support this work? I think the Community Office has illustrated these questions more clearly.” 

 

 

Sámi scientist and leader Gunn-Britt Retter contributes to a discussion at the Indigenous Pavilion at the 2026 Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW) in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Kari Fannar Larusson, 2026

Unangax̂ scholar and dancer Haliehana Alaĝum Ayagaa Stepetin performs at the Indigenous Pavilion at ASSW 2026 in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Kari Fannar Larusson, 2026

The answers are only beginning to take shape at some institutions, but growing awareness that the NNA initiative can provide greater value than the sum of its individually funded projects has already left a mark. As Carlo put it, “We can work together and consider different perspectives, different types of knowledge, including Indigenous Knowledge that is deeply rooted to a place and over generations, to drive research questions and to then know how to apply the research results on the backend.” 

Druckenmiller hopes that part of the Community Office’s legacy will be the ability to demonstrate what has come out of this research and investment. “We want to be able to revisit what we’ve done here and look at how career trajectories have shifted or who’s still engaged a few years down the road,” he said. To do this, the NNA-CO is developing an evaluation framework to share NNA results and lessons with NSF leadership, policymakers, and Indigenous organizations. Druckenmiller added, “This detailed accounting will catalog what was realized with this $150 million investment, and hopefully it will provide a bit of a roadmap for future research investments.” 

But as Carlo sees it, the Community Office’s most enduring legacy may ultimately be simpler: the people and relationships it brought together.

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Boat sails in ice free waters in Arctic
April 3rd, 2025 13:46:39 EDT -0400 Spring is in the air
Navigating New Ways of Arctic Research

By Agnieszka Gautier

Even the most well-intentioned Arctic research can fall short for Indigenous communities. Historically, academic research from dominant cultures has extracted Indigenous Knowledge without adequately considering community participation. The phenomena known as “helicopter or parachute science” refers to researchers flying into distant northern regions, extracting data or stories, and then flying out with little interaction with Indigenous Peoples afterward. In this model, data collection is prioritized over relationship building and equitable partnership. Even in recent decades, researchers have used consent and release forms that effectively signed over documented Indigenous Knowledge to their universities.

More recent initiatives have aimed to include Indigenous voices into Arctic research. In 2016, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) released its 10 big ideas for long-term research and developed the Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) program, which addresses the challenges of a rapidly changing Arctic where temperatures are rising at four times the rate of the global average. Consequently, the Arctic is a hotspot for environmental shifts with rippling effects on its communities. 

Iron minerals weather into the watershed of the Saviukviayak River in Alaska's Brooks Range. The Brooks Range is a mountain range in far northern North America stretching some 1130 kilometers (700 miles) from west to east across northern Alaska into Canada's Yukon Territory. — Credit: Rose Cory, 2016

This abstract photograph features cracked lake ice next to sorted circles and polygonal ground near Garmaksla Mountain, Spitsbergen, which is the largest and only permanently inhabited island in the Svalbard archipelago, located in the Arctic Ocean well north of mainland Norway. — Credit: Nil Rodes, 2022

Too often the Arctic is imagined as a barren, uninhabited landscape. The opposite is true. About four million people live in the Arctic, including more than 500,000 Indigenous Peoples with their own languages, cultural practices, and relationships to the land. The Arctic landscape is dynamic, morphing from expansive tundra into rugged mountains with marine ecosystems bleeding into coastal wetlands. From the boreal forests to sea ice, these complex environments require consistent, regular monitoring to better understand the changes unfolding. 

In 2021, the NNA-Community Office (CO) was established to help coordinate multiple projects, build lasting partnerships, and offer resources and opportunities for knowledge exchange. The central office is based at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), at the University of Colorado (CU) Boulder with partner locations at Alaska Pacific University (APU) and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF). The NNA-CO supports the goals of NNA through communication, coordination, education, and outreach. Though the NNA program has not accepted new proposals since 2023, the NNA-CO continues to support currently funded projects. Without continued funding, however, the NNA program is nearing an end. 

A Nenets woman stands with her reindeer herd in the Far North on the Yamal Peninsula in Russia. The Nenets are an Indigenous group in the Russian Arctic, numbering about 49,000, known for reindeer herding and annual migrations of up to 1,000 kilometers (621 miles) across the Yamal Peninsula.” — Credit: Adobe Stock

A different approach

An integral component of the NNA-CO is to take a different approach to Arctic research. Nikoosh Carlo, a co-principal investigator (co-PI) for the Community Office and the founder of CNC North Consulting, explains, “So maybe we’re having a cup of tea at the kitchen table, or we’re cutting fish, or we’re doing some other thing that some might think is not related to research itself, but it's really related to building the relationship to say, ‘Well, what are some things that we can work on together? Where do our interests align?’”  

Fish racks tower over a row of red buildings on stilts in the Lofoten Islands in the Norwegian Arctic. — Credit: Anna Lena Bercht, 2015

Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) dries in the cold air and wind in the Lofoten Islands in the Norwegian Arctic. — Credit: Anna Lena Bercht, 2015

Carlo believes that fostering relationships needs to occur even before a research proposal is submitted. As part of the US NSF’s approach to long-term research, the NNA-CO has supported planning grants. While not unique to NNA, these grants have helped broaden the awareness of the importance of building relationships before beginning this type of work. “In order to solve these complex problems in the Arctic, it’s going to need all different types of information,” Carlo added. Working with communities whose knowledge is rooted in millennia of experience on these lands is key to building a more holistic understanding of Arctic change. Carlo has personal experience behind different ways of knowing and learning beyond academia.

Though Carlo grew up in Fairbanks, Alaska, her ancestral roots run deep into the interior of Alaska along the Yukon River. “My experience with learning and interacting with other people is multi-generational,” Carlo said. Learning involves a lot of watching, listening, and doing. As a child, sitting on the floor while Elders gathered at the kitchen table, Carlo learned to be present. “At some point, you may ask a question or without even knowing when, you become part of the process of learning,” she added. “So, it’s a combination of trying and doing things, even if you’re going to get it wrong. It’s the act of just trying to do it that matters.” Carlo sees parallels between her childhood experience and how the NNA-CO should function.  

That different approach comes down to coproduction or cocreation: different groups working together with an understanding of their respective responsibilities and goals, grounded in mutual respect. Carlo described coproduction as taking the time to sit down and design what the relationship should be and what the expectations are for roles and responsibilities. “It’s really asking someone to just be an informed good person,” said NSIDC researcher Matthew Druckenmiller, the Community Office Director. “Show up, involve people, see value in difference. In many ways, it’s just common sense. It makes more sense, though, when you see where we’ve made progress and where we still have a lot of progress to do.”  

Children run on boardwalks in the remote Alaska community of Kongiganak. — Credit: Amanda Byrd, 2018

Frost and snow immerse a playground in the middle of winter in Utqiaġvik, Alaska. — Credit: Mia Bennett, 2020

Nothing about us without us 

One of the NNA-CO's major efforts is to bring people together in different ways. Rather than individual researchers presenting their work, the NNA-CO strives toward a mix of dialogue and discussion, offering panel or teaching sessions for stronger participant engagement.   

For example, during the Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW), which took place in March 2025 in Boulder, Colorado, the NNA-CO supported and co-hosted the Indigenous Pavilion, where participants could gather in a more intimate setting. The summit brought more than 800 researchers and Indigenous experts, focused on developing a strategy for the next decade of Arctic research. The pavilion offered a place where meaningful connections could be made, which can be difficult in lecture-based, large conferences. The structure featured two interwoven tents with an outdoor firepit to gather around. In the evenings, singing, dancing, and food sharing helped build connections among attendees. As the summit concluded, the Indigenous participants and supporters came together to hold up a banner stating, a phrase that captures a grounding principle for research in Indigenous homelands: Nothing about us without us. 

Participants gather to take a photo in front of an "Indigenous Pavilion," a ceremonial space designed to uplift Indigenous voices in Arctic research at the 2025 Arctic Science Summit Week. — Credit: International Arctic Science Committee (IASC)

Druckenmiller believes it is a profound statement and speaks to how research in the past often excluded these voices. “Even projects that had immediate relevance and could benefit Arctic communities rarely delivered results back to the people who need it the most,” Druckenmiller said. “So, if you're trying to support, whether you call it adaptation or resilience or just informed planning, it really requires the solutions being sustainable in the community, culturally appropriate, place based.” But that requires a longer-term perspective than a typical three-year grant allows. 

Druckenmiller emphasizes that there is no substitute for time. To truly engage on a community level requires tremendous commitment. However, research positions are often not designed to sustain long-term projects. “I think there are ways of improving upon this model,” Druckenmiller said, “and I think the Community Office has shed light on that in a lot of ways.” Coproduction is essential, and the NNA-CO has embraced that concept, supporting progress through their relationship-building approach at conferences such as ASSW.

The Indigenous Pavilion at the 2026 Arctic Science Summit Week on the campus of the University of Aarhus in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Vera Kuklina, 2026

In March 2026, at the ASSW in Aarhus, Denmark, the NNA-CO again supported a team that created an Indigenous Pavilion modeled on the one in Colorado. “The pavilion made us feel at home again,” said Indigenous scholar Inga Hensen. “To show our cultures with singing and ceremonies made us feel like yes, even though there is a summit about the Arctic we can go back to our roots, and within seconds we can adapt to the mainstream way of western society conference.” Another Indigenous scholar Vera Kuklina said, “The Pavilion provided me with the unique opportunity to meet, learn from, and build relations with Arctic scholars, artists, and knowledge holders across the whole Arctic. I’m inspired by our Indigenous scholars who walk two worlds and bring together the best of them.” 

The next NNA Annual Community Meeting will be held in September 2026 in Fairbanks, Alaska, focusing on “Living with Change.”

 

Identifying our legacy 

With less than three years of funding remaining, the NNA-CO is looking to the future. Kuklina said, “I greatly appreciate the efforts and dedication of our allies who in the current situation of shrinking funding and public pressure keep supporting us in all endeavors.” Without a dedicated funding stream, however, projects built around coproduction of knowledge may be harder to develop and sustain.  

As active NNA projects wind down, the Community Office will eventually do the same, raising a question about its legacy. “I like to say its legacy will be the people,” Carlo said. “The people it brought in to have conversations around what it means to work co-creatively. What does it mean to consider knowledges that are different and more diverse than academically trained science? What does it mean for institutions to structure their organization to support this work? I think the Community Office has illustrated these questions more clearly.” 

 

 

Sámi scientist and leader Gunn-Britt Retter contributes to a discussion at the Indigenous Pavilion at the 2026 Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW) in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Kari Fannar Larusson, 2026

Unangax̂ scholar and dancer Haliehana Alaĝum Ayagaa Stepetin performs at the Indigenous Pavilion at ASSW 2026 in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Kari Fannar Larusson, 2026

The answers are only beginning to take shape at some institutions, but growing awareness that the NNA initiative can provide greater value than the sum of its individually funded projects has already left a mark. As Carlo put it, “We can work together and consider different perspectives, different types of knowledge, including Indigenous Knowledge that is deeply rooted to a place and over generations, to drive research questions and to then know how to apply the research results on the backend.” 

Druckenmiller hopes that part of the Community Office’s legacy will be the ability to demonstrate what has come out of this research and investment. “We want to be able to revisit what we’ve done here and look at how career trajectories have shifted or who’s still engaged a few years down the road,” he said. To do this, the NNA-CO is developing an evaluation framework to share NNA results and lessons with NSF leadership, policymakers, and Indigenous organizations. Druckenmiller added, “This detailed accounting will catalog what was realized with this $150 million investment, and hopefully it will provide a bit of a roadmap for future research investments.” 

But as Carlo sees it, the Community Office’s most enduring legacy may ultimately be simpler: the people and relationships it brought together.

agnieszka.gaut…
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Boat sails in ice free waters in Arctic
March 24th, 2025 13:32:45 EDT -0400 Arctic sea ice sets a record low maximum in 2025
Navigating New Ways of Arctic Research

By Agnieszka Gautier

Even the most well-intentioned Arctic research can fall short for Indigenous communities. Historically, academic research from dominant cultures has extracted Indigenous Knowledge without adequately considering community participation. The phenomena known as “helicopter or parachute science” refers to researchers flying into distant northern regions, extracting data or stories, and then flying out with little interaction with Indigenous Peoples afterward. In this model, data collection is prioritized over relationship building and equitable partnership. Even in recent decades, researchers have used consent and release forms that effectively signed over documented Indigenous Knowledge to their universities.

More recent initiatives have aimed to include Indigenous voices into Arctic research. In 2016, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) released its 10 big ideas for long-term research and developed the Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) program, which addresses the challenges of a rapidly changing Arctic where temperatures are rising at four times the rate of the global average. Consequently, the Arctic is a hotspot for environmental shifts with rippling effects on its communities. 

Iron minerals weather into the watershed of the Saviukviayak River in Alaska's Brooks Range. The Brooks Range is a mountain range in far northern North America stretching some 1130 kilometers (700 miles) from west to east across northern Alaska into Canada's Yukon Territory. — Credit: Rose Cory, 2016

This abstract photograph features cracked lake ice next to sorted circles and polygonal ground near Garmaksla Mountain, Spitsbergen, which is the largest and only permanently inhabited island in the Svalbard archipelago, located in the Arctic Ocean well north of mainland Norway. — Credit: Nil Rodes, 2022

Too often the Arctic is imagined as a barren, uninhabited landscape. The opposite is true. About four million people live in the Arctic, including more than 500,000 Indigenous Peoples with their own languages, cultural practices, and relationships to the land. The Arctic landscape is dynamic, morphing from expansive tundra into rugged mountains with marine ecosystems bleeding into coastal wetlands. From the boreal forests to sea ice, these complex environments require consistent, regular monitoring to better understand the changes unfolding. 

In 2021, the NNA-Community Office (CO) was established to help coordinate multiple projects, build lasting partnerships, and offer resources and opportunities for knowledge exchange. The central office is based at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), at the University of Colorado (CU) Boulder with partner locations at Alaska Pacific University (APU) and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF). The NNA-CO supports the goals of NNA through communication, coordination, education, and outreach. Though the NNA program has not accepted new proposals since 2023, the NNA-CO continues to support currently funded projects. Without continued funding, however, the NNA program is nearing an end. 

A Nenets woman stands with her reindeer herd in the Far North on the Yamal Peninsula in Russia. The Nenets are an Indigenous group in the Russian Arctic, numbering about 49,000, known for reindeer herding and annual migrations of up to 1,000 kilometers (621 miles) across the Yamal Peninsula.” — Credit: Adobe Stock

A different approach

An integral component of the NNA-CO is to take a different approach to Arctic research. Nikoosh Carlo, a co-principal investigator (co-PI) for the Community Office and the founder of CNC North Consulting, explains, “So maybe we’re having a cup of tea at the kitchen table, or we’re cutting fish, or we’re doing some other thing that some might think is not related to research itself, but it's really related to building the relationship to say, ‘Well, what are some things that we can work on together? Where do our interests align?’”  

Fish racks tower over a row of red buildings on stilts in the Lofoten Islands in the Norwegian Arctic. — Credit: Anna Lena Bercht, 2015

Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) dries in the cold air and wind in the Lofoten Islands in the Norwegian Arctic. — Credit: Anna Lena Bercht, 2015

Carlo believes that fostering relationships needs to occur even before a research proposal is submitted. As part of the US NSF’s approach to long-term research, the NNA-CO has supported planning grants. While not unique to NNA, these grants have helped broaden the awareness of the importance of building relationships before beginning this type of work. “In order to solve these complex problems in the Arctic, it’s going to need all different types of information,” Carlo added. Working with communities whose knowledge is rooted in millennia of experience on these lands is key to building a more holistic understanding of Arctic change. Carlo has personal experience behind different ways of knowing and learning beyond academia.

Though Carlo grew up in Fairbanks, Alaska, her ancestral roots run deep into the interior of Alaska along the Yukon River. “My experience with learning and interacting with other people is multi-generational,” Carlo said. Learning involves a lot of watching, listening, and doing. As a child, sitting on the floor while Elders gathered at the kitchen table, Carlo learned to be present. “At some point, you may ask a question or without even knowing when, you become part of the process of learning,” she added. “So, it’s a combination of trying and doing things, even if you’re going to get it wrong. It’s the act of just trying to do it that matters.” Carlo sees parallels between her childhood experience and how the NNA-CO should function.  

That different approach comes down to coproduction or cocreation: different groups working together with an understanding of their respective responsibilities and goals, grounded in mutual respect. Carlo described coproduction as taking the time to sit down and design what the relationship should be and what the expectations are for roles and responsibilities. “It’s really asking someone to just be an informed good person,” said NSIDC researcher Matthew Druckenmiller, the Community Office Director. “Show up, involve people, see value in difference. In many ways, it’s just common sense. It makes more sense, though, when you see where we’ve made progress and where we still have a lot of progress to do.”  

Children run on boardwalks in the remote Alaska community of Kongiganak. — Credit: Amanda Byrd, 2018

Frost and snow immerse a playground in the middle of winter in Utqiaġvik, Alaska. — Credit: Mia Bennett, 2020

Nothing about us without us 

One of the NNA-CO's major efforts is to bring people together in different ways. Rather than individual researchers presenting their work, the NNA-CO strives toward a mix of dialogue and discussion, offering panel or teaching sessions for stronger participant engagement.   

For example, during the Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW), which took place in March 2025 in Boulder, Colorado, the NNA-CO supported and co-hosted the Indigenous Pavilion, where participants could gather in a more intimate setting. The summit brought more than 800 researchers and Indigenous experts, focused on developing a strategy for the next decade of Arctic research. The pavilion offered a place where meaningful connections could be made, which can be difficult in lecture-based, large conferences. The structure featured two interwoven tents with an outdoor firepit to gather around. In the evenings, singing, dancing, and food sharing helped build connections among attendees. As the summit concluded, the Indigenous participants and supporters came together to hold up a banner stating, a phrase that captures a grounding principle for research in Indigenous homelands: Nothing about us without us. 

Participants gather to take a photo in front of an "Indigenous Pavilion," a ceremonial space designed to uplift Indigenous voices in Arctic research at the 2025 Arctic Science Summit Week. — Credit: International Arctic Science Committee (IASC)

Druckenmiller believes it is a profound statement and speaks to how research in the past often excluded these voices. “Even projects that had immediate relevance and could benefit Arctic communities rarely delivered results back to the people who need it the most,” Druckenmiller said. “So, if you're trying to support, whether you call it adaptation or resilience or just informed planning, it really requires the solutions being sustainable in the community, culturally appropriate, place based.” But that requires a longer-term perspective than a typical three-year grant allows. 

Druckenmiller emphasizes that there is no substitute for time. To truly engage on a community level requires tremendous commitment. However, research positions are often not designed to sustain long-term projects. “I think there are ways of improving upon this model,” Druckenmiller said, “and I think the Community Office has shed light on that in a lot of ways.” Coproduction is essential, and the NNA-CO has embraced that concept, supporting progress through their relationship-building approach at conferences such as ASSW.

The Indigenous Pavilion at the 2026 Arctic Science Summit Week on the campus of the University of Aarhus in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Vera Kuklina, 2026

In March 2026, at the ASSW in Aarhus, Denmark, the NNA-CO again supported a team that created an Indigenous Pavilion modeled on the one in Colorado. “The pavilion made us feel at home again,” said Indigenous scholar Inga Hensen. “To show our cultures with singing and ceremonies made us feel like yes, even though there is a summit about the Arctic we can go back to our roots, and within seconds we can adapt to the mainstream way of western society conference.” Another Indigenous scholar Vera Kuklina said, “The Pavilion provided me with the unique opportunity to meet, learn from, and build relations with Arctic scholars, artists, and knowledge holders across the whole Arctic. I’m inspired by our Indigenous scholars who walk two worlds and bring together the best of them.” 

The next NNA Annual Community Meeting will be held in September 2026 in Fairbanks, Alaska, focusing on “Living with Change.”

 

Identifying our legacy 

With less than three years of funding remaining, the NNA-CO is looking to the future. Kuklina said, “I greatly appreciate the efforts and dedication of our allies who in the current situation of shrinking funding and public pressure keep supporting us in all endeavors.” Without a dedicated funding stream, however, projects built around coproduction of knowledge may be harder to develop and sustain.  

As active NNA projects wind down, the Community Office will eventually do the same, raising a question about its legacy. “I like to say its legacy will be the people,” Carlo said. “The people it brought in to have conversations around what it means to work co-creatively. What does it mean to consider knowledges that are different and more diverse than academically trained science? What does it mean for institutions to structure their organization to support this work? I think the Community Office has illustrated these questions more clearly.” 

 

 

Sámi scientist and leader Gunn-Britt Retter contributes to a discussion at the Indigenous Pavilion at the 2026 Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW) in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Kari Fannar Larusson, 2026

Unangax̂ scholar and dancer Haliehana Alaĝum Ayagaa Stepetin performs at the Indigenous Pavilion at ASSW 2026 in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Kari Fannar Larusson, 2026

The answers are only beginning to take shape at some institutions, but growing awareness that the NNA initiative can provide greater value than the sum of its individually funded projects has already left a mark. As Carlo put it, “We can work together and consider different perspectives, different types of knowledge, including Indigenous Knowledge that is deeply rooted to a place and over generations, to drive research questions and to then know how to apply the research results on the backend.” 

Druckenmiller hopes that part of the Community Office’s legacy will be the ability to demonstrate what has come out of this research and investment. “We want to be able to revisit what we’ve done here and look at how career trajectories have shifted or who’s still engaged a few years down the road,” he said. To do this, the NNA-CO is developing an evaluation framework to share NNA results and lessons with NSF leadership, policymakers, and Indigenous organizations. Druckenmiller added, “This detailed accounting will catalog what was realized with this $150 million investment, and hopefully it will provide a bit of a roadmap for future research investments.” 

But as Carlo sees it, the Community Office’s most enduring legacy may ultimately be simpler: the people and relationships it brought together.

agnieszka.gaut…
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Boat sails in ice free waters in Arctic
March 6th, 2025 10:25:24 EST -0500 Antarctic sea ice minimum hits a near-record low, again
Navigating New Ways of Arctic Research

By Agnieszka Gautier

Even the most well-intentioned Arctic research can fall short for Indigenous communities. Historically, academic research from dominant cultures has extracted Indigenous Knowledge without adequately considering community participation. The phenomena known as “helicopter or parachute science” refers to researchers flying into distant northern regions, extracting data or stories, and then flying out with little interaction with Indigenous Peoples afterward. In this model, data collection is prioritized over relationship building and equitable partnership. Even in recent decades, researchers have used consent and release forms that effectively signed over documented Indigenous Knowledge to their universities.

More recent initiatives have aimed to include Indigenous voices into Arctic research. In 2016, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) released its 10 big ideas for long-term research and developed the Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) program, which addresses the challenges of a rapidly changing Arctic where temperatures are rising at four times the rate of the global average. Consequently, the Arctic is a hotspot for environmental shifts with rippling effects on its communities. 

Iron minerals weather into the watershed of the Saviukviayak River in Alaska's Brooks Range. The Brooks Range is a mountain range in far northern North America stretching some 1130 kilometers (700 miles) from west to east across northern Alaska into Canada's Yukon Territory. — Credit: Rose Cory, 2016

This abstract photograph features cracked lake ice next to sorted circles and polygonal ground near Garmaksla Mountain, Spitsbergen, which is the largest and only permanently inhabited island in the Svalbard archipelago, located in the Arctic Ocean well north of mainland Norway. — Credit: Nil Rodes, 2022

Too often the Arctic is imagined as a barren, uninhabited landscape. The opposite is true. About four million people live in the Arctic, including more than 500,000 Indigenous Peoples with their own languages, cultural practices, and relationships to the land. The Arctic landscape is dynamic, morphing from expansive tundra into rugged mountains with marine ecosystems bleeding into coastal wetlands. From the boreal forests to sea ice, these complex environments require consistent, regular monitoring to better understand the changes unfolding. 

In 2021, the NNA-Community Office (CO) was established to help coordinate multiple projects, build lasting partnerships, and offer resources and opportunities for knowledge exchange. The central office is based at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), at the University of Colorado (CU) Boulder with partner locations at Alaska Pacific University (APU) and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF). The NNA-CO supports the goals of NNA through communication, coordination, education, and outreach. Though the NNA program has not accepted new proposals since 2023, the NNA-CO continues to support currently funded projects. Without continued funding, however, the NNA program is nearing an end. 

A Nenets woman stands with her reindeer herd in the Far North on the Yamal Peninsula in Russia. The Nenets are an Indigenous group in the Russian Arctic, numbering about 49,000, known for reindeer herding and annual migrations of up to 1,000 kilometers (621 miles) across the Yamal Peninsula.” — Credit: Adobe Stock

A different approach

An integral component of the NNA-CO is to take a different approach to Arctic research. Nikoosh Carlo, a co-principal investigator (co-PI) for the Community Office and the founder of CNC North Consulting, explains, “So maybe we’re having a cup of tea at the kitchen table, or we’re cutting fish, or we’re doing some other thing that some might think is not related to research itself, but it's really related to building the relationship to say, ‘Well, what are some things that we can work on together? Where do our interests align?’”  

Fish racks tower over a row of red buildings on stilts in the Lofoten Islands in the Norwegian Arctic. — Credit: Anna Lena Bercht, 2015

Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) dries in the cold air and wind in the Lofoten Islands in the Norwegian Arctic. — Credit: Anna Lena Bercht, 2015

Carlo believes that fostering relationships needs to occur even before a research proposal is submitted. As part of the US NSF’s approach to long-term research, the NNA-CO has supported planning grants. While not unique to NNA, these grants have helped broaden the awareness of the importance of building relationships before beginning this type of work. “In order to solve these complex problems in the Arctic, it’s going to need all different types of information,” Carlo added. Working with communities whose knowledge is rooted in millennia of experience on these lands is key to building a more holistic understanding of Arctic change. Carlo has personal experience behind different ways of knowing and learning beyond academia.

Though Carlo grew up in Fairbanks, Alaska, her ancestral roots run deep into the interior of Alaska along the Yukon River. “My experience with learning and interacting with other people is multi-generational,” Carlo said. Learning involves a lot of watching, listening, and doing. As a child, sitting on the floor while Elders gathered at the kitchen table, Carlo learned to be present. “At some point, you may ask a question or without even knowing when, you become part of the process of learning,” she added. “So, it’s a combination of trying and doing things, even if you’re going to get it wrong. It’s the act of just trying to do it that matters.” Carlo sees parallels between her childhood experience and how the NNA-CO should function.  

That different approach comes down to coproduction or cocreation: different groups working together with an understanding of their respective responsibilities and goals, grounded in mutual respect. Carlo described coproduction as taking the time to sit down and design what the relationship should be and what the expectations are for roles and responsibilities. “It’s really asking someone to just be an informed good person,” said NSIDC researcher Matthew Druckenmiller, the Community Office Director. “Show up, involve people, see value in difference. In many ways, it’s just common sense. It makes more sense, though, when you see where we’ve made progress and where we still have a lot of progress to do.”  

Children run on boardwalks in the remote Alaska community of Kongiganak. — Credit: Amanda Byrd, 2018

Frost and snow immerse a playground in the middle of winter in Utqiaġvik, Alaska. — Credit: Mia Bennett, 2020

Nothing about us without us 

One of the NNA-CO's major efforts is to bring people together in different ways. Rather than individual researchers presenting their work, the NNA-CO strives toward a mix of dialogue and discussion, offering panel or teaching sessions for stronger participant engagement.   

For example, during the Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW), which took place in March 2025 in Boulder, Colorado, the NNA-CO supported and co-hosted the Indigenous Pavilion, where participants could gather in a more intimate setting. The summit brought more than 800 researchers and Indigenous experts, focused on developing a strategy for the next decade of Arctic research. The pavilion offered a place where meaningful connections could be made, which can be difficult in lecture-based, large conferences. The structure featured two interwoven tents with an outdoor firepit to gather around. In the evenings, singing, dancing, and food sharing helped build connections among attendees. As the summit concluded, the Indigenous participants and supporters came together to hold up a banner stating, a phrase that captures a grounding principle for research in Indigenous homelands: Nothing about us without us. 

Participants gather to take a photo in front of an "Indigenous Pavilion," a ceremonial space designed to uplift Indigenous voices in Arctic research at the 2025 Arctic Science Summit Week. — Credit: International Arctic Science Committee (IASC)

Druckenmiller believes it is a profound statement and speaks to how research in the past often excluded these voices. “Even projects that had immediate relevance and could benefit Arctic communities rarely delivered results back to the people who need it the most,” Druckenmiller said. “So, if you're trying to support, whether you call it adaptation or resilience or just informed planning, it really requires the solutions being sustainable in the community, culturally appropriate, place based.” But that requires a longer-term perspective than a typical three-year grant allows. 

Druckenmiller emphasizes that there is no substitute for time. To truly engage on a community level requires tremendous commitment. However, research positions are often not designed to sustain long-term projects. “I think there are ways of improving upon this model,” Druckenmiller said, “and I think the Community Office has shed light on that in a lot of ways.” Coproduction is essential, and the NNA-CO has embraced that concept, supporting progress through their relationship-building approach at conferences such as ASSW.

The Indigenous Pavilion at the 2026 Arctic Science Summit Week on the campus of the University of Aarhus in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Vera Kuklina, 2026

In March 2026, at the ASSW in Aarhus, Denmark, the NNA-CO again supported a team that created an Indigenous Pavilion modeled on the one in Colorado. “The pavilion made us feel at home again,” said Indigenous scholar Inga Hensen. “To show our cultures with singing and ceremonies made us feel like yes, even though there is a summit about the Arctic we can go back to our roots, and within seconds we can adapt to the mainstream way of western society conference.” Another Indigenous scholar Vera Kuklina said, “The Pavilion provided me with the unique opportunity to meet, learn from, and build relations with Arctic scholars, artists, and knowledge holders across the whole Arctic. I’m inspired by our Indigenous scholars who walk two worlds and bring together the best of them.” 

The next NNA Annual Community Meeting will be held in September 2026 in Fairbanks, Alaska, focusing on “Living with Change.”

 

Identifying our legacy 

With less than three years of funding remaining, the NNA-CO is looking to the future. Kuklina said, “I greatly appreciate the efforts and dedication of our allies who in the current situation of shrinking funding and public pressure keep supporting us in all endeavors.” Without a dedicated funding stream, however, projects built around coproduction of knowledge may be harder to develop and sustain.  

As active NNA projects wind down, the Community Office will eventually do the same, raising a question about its legacy. “I like to say its legacy will be the people,” Carlo said. “The people it brought in to have conversations around what it means to work co-creatively. What does it mean to consider knowledges that are different and more diverse than academically trained science? What does it mean for institutions to structure their organization to support this work? I think the Community Office has illustrated these questions more clearly.” 

 

 

Sámi scientist and leader Gunn-Britt Retter contributes to a discussion at the Indigenous Pavilion at the 2026 Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW) in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Kari Fannar Larusson, 2026

Unangax̂ scholar and dancer Haliehana Alaĝum Ayagaa Stepetin performs at the Indigenous Pavilion at ASSW 2026 in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Kari Fannar Larusson, 2026

The answers are only beginning to take shape at some institutions, but growing awareness that the NNA initiative can provide greater value than the sum of its individually funded projects has already left a mark. As Carlo put it, “We can work together and consider different perspectives, different types of knowledge, including Indigenous Knowledge that is deeply rooted to a place and over generations, to drive research questions and to then know how to apply the research results on the backend.” 

Druckenmiller hopes that part of the Community Office’s legacy will be the ability to demonstrate what has come out of this research and investment. “We want to be able to revisit what we’ve done here and look at how career trajectories have shifted or who’s still engaged a few years down the road,” he said. To do this, the NNA-CO is developing an evaluation framework to share NNA results and lessons with NSF leadership, policymakers, and Indigenous organizations. Druckenmiller added, “This detailed accounting will catalog what was realized with this $150 million investment, and hopefully it will provide a bit of a roadmap for future research investments.” 

But as Carlo sees it, the Community Office’s most enduring legacy may ultimately be simpler: the people and relationships it brought together.

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March 4th, 2025 15:36:06 EST -0500 February made me shiver (but not the Arctic)
Navigating New Ways of Arctic Research

By Agnieszka Gautier

Even the most well-intentioned Arctic research can fall short for Indigenous communities. Historically, academic research from dominant cultures has extracted Indigenous Knowledge without adequately considering community participation. The phenomena known as “helicopter or parachute science” refers to researchers flying into distant northern regions, extracting data or stories, and then flying out with little interaction with Indigenous Peoples afterward. In this model, data collection is prioritized over relationship building and equitable partnership. Even in recent decades, researchers have used consent and release forms that effectively signed over documented Indigenous Knowledge to their universities.

More recent initiatives have aimed to include Indigenous voices into Arctic research. In 2016, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) released its 10 big ideas for long-term research and developed the Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) program, which addresses the challenges of a rapidly changing Arctic where temperatures are rising at four times the rate of the global average. Consequently, the Arctic is a hotspot for environmental shifts with rippling effects on its communities. 

Iron minerals weather into the watershed of the Saviukviayak River in Alaska's Brooks Range. The Brooks Range is a mountain range in far northern North America stretching some 1130 kilometers (700 miles) from west to east across northern Alaska into Canada's Yukon Territory. — Credit: Rose Cory, 2016

This abstract photograph features cracked lake ice next to sorted circles and polygonal ground near Garmaksla Mountain, Spitsbergen, which is the largest and only permanently inhabited island in the Svalbard archipelago, located in the Arctic Ocean well north of mainland Norway. — Credit: Nil Rodes, 2022

Too often the Arctic is imagined as a barren, uninhabited landscape. The opposite is true. About four million people live in the Arctic, including more than 500,000 Indigenous Peoples with their own languages, cultural practices, and relationships to the land. The Arctic landscape is dynamic, morphing from expansive tundra into rugged mountains with marine ecosystems bleeding into coastal wetlands. From the boreal forests to sea ice, these complex environments require consistent, regular monitoring to better understand the changes unfolding. 

In 2021, the NNA-Community Office (CO) was established to help coordinate multiple projects, build lasting partnerships, and offer resources and opportunities for knowledge exchange. The central office is based at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), at the University of Colorado (CU) Boulder with partner locations at Alaska Pacific University (APU) and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF). The NNA-CO supports the goals of NNA through communication, coordination, education, and outreach. Though the NNA program has not accepted new proposals since 2023, the NNA-CO continues to support currently funded projects. Without continued funding, however, the NNA program is nearing an end. 

A Nenets woman stands with her reindeer herd in the Far North on the Yamal Peninsula in Russia. The Nenets are an Indigenous group in the Russian Arctic, numbering about 49,000, known for reindeer herding and annual migrations of up to 1,000 kilometers (621 miles) across the Yamal Peninsula.” — Credit: Adobe Stock

A different approach

An integral component of the NNA-CO is to take a different approach to Arctic research. Nikoosh Carlo, a co-principal investigator (co-PI) for the Community Office and the founder of CNC North Consulting, explains, “So maybe we’re having a cup of tea at the kitchen table, or we’re cutting fish, or we’re doing some other thing that some might think is not related to research itself, but it's really related to building the relationship to say, ‘Well, what are some things that we can work on together? Where do our interests align?’”  

Fish racks tower over a row of red buildings on stilts in the Lofoten Islands in the Norwegian Arctic. — Credit: Anna Lena Bercht, 2015

Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) dries in the cold air and wind in the Lofoten Islands in the Norwegian Arctic. — Credit: Anna Lena Bercht, 2015

Carlo believes that fostering relationships needs to occur even before a research proposal is submitted. As part of the US NSF’s approach to long-term research, the NNA-CO has supported planning grants. While not unique to NNA, these grants have helped broaden the awareness of the importance of building relationships before beginning this type of work. “In order to solve these complex problems in the Arctic, it’s going to need all different types of information,” Carlo added. Working with communities whose knowledge is rooted in millennia of experience on these lands is key to building a more holistic understanding of Arctic change. Carlo has personal experience behind different ways of knowing and learning beyond academia.

Though Carlo grew up in Fairbanks, Alaska, her ancestral roots run deep into the interior of Alaska along the Yukon River. “My experience with learning and interacting with other people is multi-generational,” Carlo said. Learning involves a lot of watching, listening, and doing. As a child, sitting on the floor while Elders gathered at the kitchen table, Carlo learned to be present. “At some point, you may ask a question or without even knowing when, you become part of the process of learning,” she added. “So, it’s a combination of trying and doing things, even if you’re going to get it wrong. It’s the act of just trying to do it that matters.” Carlo sees parallels between her childhood experience and how the NNA-CO should function.  

That different approach comes down to coproduction or cocreation: different groups working together with an understanding of their respective responsibilities and goals, grounded in mutual respect. Carlo described coproduction as taking the time to sit down and design what the relationship should be and what the expectations are for roles and responsibilities. “It’s really asking someone to just be an informed good person,” said NSIDC researcher Matthew Druckenmiller, the Community Office Director. “Show up, involve people, see value in difference. In many ways, it’s just common sense. It makes more sense, though, when you see where we’ve made progress and where we still have a lot of progress to do.”  

Children run on boardwalks in the remote Alaska community of Kongiganak. — Credit: Amanda Byrd, 2018

Frost and snow immerse a playground in the middle of winter in Utqiaġvik, Alaska. — Credit: Mia Bennett, 2020

Nothing about us without us 

One of the NNA-CO's major efforts is to bring people together in different ways. Rather than individual researchers presenting their work, the NNA-CO strives toward a mix of dialogue and discussion, offering panel or teaching sessions for stronger participant engagement.   

For example, during the Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW), which took place in March 2025 in Boulder, Colorado, the NNA-CO supported and co-hosted the Indigenous Pavilion, where participants could gather in a more intimate setting. The summit brought more than 800 researchers and Indigenous experts, focused on developing a strategy for the next decade of Arctic research. The pavilion offered a place where meaningful connections could be made, which can be difficult in lecture-based, large conferences. The structure featured two interwoven tents with an outdoor firepit to gather around. In the evenings, singing, dancing, and food sharing helped build connections among attendees. As the summit concluded, the Indigenous participants and supporters came together to hold up a banner stating, a phrase that captures a grounding principle for research in Indigenous homelands: Nothing about us without us. 

Participants gather to take a photo in front of an "Indigenous Pavilion," a ceremonial space designed to uplift Indigenous voices in Arctic research at the 2025 Arctic Science Summit Week. — Credit: International Arctic Science Committee (IASC)

Druckenmiller believes it is a profound statement and speaks to how research in the past often excluded these voices. “Even projects that had immediate relevance and could benefit Arctic communities rarely delivered results back to the people who need it the most,” Druckenmiller said. “So, if you're trying to support, whether you call it adaptation or resilience or just informed planning, it really requires the solutions being sustainable in the community, culturally appropriate, place based.” But that requires a longer-term perspective than a typical three-year grant allows. 

Druckenmiller emphasizes that there is no substitute for time. To truly engage on a community level requires tremendous commitment. However, research positions are often not designed to sustain long-term projects. “I think there are ways of improving upon this model,” Druckenmiller said, “and I think the Community Office has shed light on that in a lot of ways.” Coproduction is essential, and the NNA-CO has embraced that concept, supporting progress through their relationship-building approach at conferences such as ASSW.

The Indigenous Pavilion at the 2026 Arctic Science Summit Week on the campus of the University of Aarhus in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Vera Kuklina, 2026

In March 2026, at the ASSW in Aarhus, Denmark, the NNA-CO again supported a team that created an Indigenous Pavilion modeled on the one in Colorado. “The pavilion made us feel at home again,” said Indigenous scholar Inga Hensen. “To show our cultures with singing and ceremonies made us feel like yes, even though there is a summit about the Arctic we can go back to our roots, and within seconds we can adapt to the mainstream way of western society conference.” Another Indigenous scholar Vera Kuklina said, “The Pavilion provided me with the unique opportunity to meet, learn from, and build relations with Arctic scholars, artists, and knowledge holders across the whole Arctic. I’m inspired by our Indigenous scholars who walk two worlds and bring together the best of them.” 

The next NNA Annual Community Meeting will be held in September 2026 in Fairbanks, Alaska, focusing on “Living with Change.”

 

Identifying our legacy 

With less than three years of funding remaining, the NNA-CO is looking to the future. Kuklina said, “I greatly appreciate the efforts and dedication of our allies who in the current situation of shrinking funding and public pressure keep supporting us in all endeavors.” Without a dedicated funding stream, however, projects built around coproduction of knowledge may be harder to develop and sustain.  

As active NNA projects wind down, the Community Office will eventually do the same, raising a question about its legacy. “I like to say its legacy will be the people,” Carlo said. “The people it brought in to have conversations around what it means to work co-creatively. What does it mean to consider knowledges that are different and more diverse than academically trained science? What does it mean for institutions to structure their organization to support this work? I think the Community Office has illustrated these questions more clearly.” 

 

 

Sámi scientist and leader Gunn-Britt Retter contributes to a discussion at the Indigenous Pavilion at the 2026 Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW) in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Kari Fannar Larusson, 2026

Unangax̂ scholar and dancer Haliehana Alaĝum Ayagaa Stepetin performs at the Indigenous Pavilion at ASSW 2026 in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Kari Fannar Larusson, 2026

The answers are only beginning to take shape at some institutions, but growing awareness that the NNA initiative can provide greater value than the sum of its individually funded projects has already left a mark. As Carlo put it, “We can work together and consider different perspectives, different types of knowledge, including Indigenous Knowledge that is deeply rooted to a place and over generations, to drive research questions and to then know how to apply the research results on the backend.” 

Druckenmiller hopes that part of the Community Office’s legacy will be the ability to demonstrate what has come out of this research and investment. “We want to be able to revisit what we’ve done here and look at how career trajectories have shifted or who’s still engaged a few years down the road,” he said. To do this, the NNA-CO is developing an evaluation framework to share NNA results and lessons with NSF leadership, policymakers, and Indigenous organizations. Druckenmiller added, “This detailed accounting will catalog what was realized with this $150 million investment, and hopefully it will provide a bit of a roadmap for future research investments.” 

But as Carlo sees it, the Community Office’s most enduring legacy may ultimately be simpler: the people and relationships it brought together.

agnieszka.gaut…
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Boat sails in ice free waters in Arctic
February 3rd, 2025 10:50:13 EST -0500 Sea ice climbs to second lowest January
Navigating New Ways of Arctic Research

By Agnieszka Gautier

Even the most well-intentioned Arctic research can fall short for Indigenous communities. Historically, academic research from dominant cultures has extracted Indigenous Knowledge without adequately considering community participation. The phenomena known as “helicopter or parachute science” refers to researchers flying into distant northern regions, extracting data or stories, and then flying out with little interaction with Indigenous Peoples afterward. In this model, data collection is prioritized over relationship building and equitable partnership. Even in recent decades, researchers have used consent and release forms that effectively signed over documented Indigenous Knowledge to their universities.

More recent initiatives have aimed to include Indigenous voices into Arctic research. In 2016, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) released its 10 big ideas for long-term research and developed the Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) program, which addresses the challenges of a rapidly changing Arctic where temperatures are rising at four times the rate of the global average. Consequently, the Arctic is a hotspot for environmental shifts with rippling effects on its communities. 

Iron minerals weather into the watershed of the Saviukviayak River in Alaska's Brooks Range. The Brooks Range is a mountain range in far northern North America stretching some 1130 kilometers (700 miles) from west to east across northern Alaska into Canada's Yukon Territory. — Credit: Rose Cory, 2016

This abstract photograph features cracked lake ice next to sorted circles and polygonal ground near Garmaksla Mountain, Spitsbergen, which is the largest and only permanently inhabited island in the Svalbard archipelago, located in the Arctic Ocean well north of mainland Norway. — Credit: Nil Rodes, 2022

Too often the Arctic is imagined as a barren, uninhabited landscape. The opposite is true. About four million people live in the Arctic, including more than 500,000 Indigenous Peoples with their own languages, cultural practices, and relationships to the land. The Arctic landscape is dynamic, morphing from expansive tundra into rugged mountains with marine ecosystems bleeding into coastal wetlands. From the boreal forests to sea ice, these complex environments require consistent, regular monitoring to better understand the changes unfolding. 

In 2021, the NNA-Community Office (CO) was established to help coordinate multiple projects, build lasting partnerships, and offer resources and opportunities for knowledge exchange. The central office is based at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), at the University of Colorado (CU) Boulder with partner locations at Alaska Pacific University (APU) and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF). The NNA-CO supports the goals of NNA through communication, coordination, education, and outreach. Though the NNA program has not accepted new proposals since 2023, the NNA-CO continues to support currently funded projects. Without continued funding, however, the NNA program is nearing an end. 

A Nenets woman stands with her reindeer herd in the Far North on the Yamal Peninsula in Russia. The Nenets are an Indigenous group in the Russian Arctic, numbering about 49,000, known for reindeer herding and annual migrations of up to 1,000 kilometers (621 miles) across the Yamal Peninsula.” — Credit: Adobe Stock

A different approach

An integral component of the NNA-CO is to take a different approach to Arctic research. Nikoosh Carlo, a co-principal investigator (co-PI) for the Community Office and the founder of CNC North Consulting, explains, “So maybe we’re having a cup of tea at the kitchen table, or we’re cutting fish, or we’re doing some other thing that some might think is not related to research itself, but it's really related to building the relationship to say, ‘Well, what are some things that we can work on together? Where do our interests align?’”  

Fish racks tower over a row of red buildings on stilts in the Lofoten Islands in the Norwegian Arctic. — Credit: Anna Lena Bercht, 2015

Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) dries in the cold air and wind in the Lofoten Islands in the Norwegian Arctic. — Credit: Anna Lena Bercht, 2015

Carlo believes that fostering relationships needs to occur even before a research proposal is submitted. As part of the US NSF’s approach to long-term research, the NNA-CO has supported planning grants. While not unique to NNA, these grants have helped broaden the awareness of the importance of building relationships before beginning this type of work. “In order to solve these complex problems in the Arctic, it’s going to need all different types of information,” Carlo added. Working with communities whose knowledge is rooted in millennia of experience on these lands is key to building a more holistic understanding of Arctic change. Carlo has personal experience behind different ways of knowing and learning beyond academia.

Though Carlo grew up in Fairbanks, Alaska, her ancestral roots run deep into the interior of Alaska along the Yukon River. “My experience with learning and interacting with other people is multi-generational,” Carlo said. Learning involves a lot of watching, listening, and doing. As a child, sitting on the floor while Elders gathered at the kitchen table, Carlo learned to be present. “At some point, you may ask a question or without even knowing when, you become part of the process of learning,” she added. “So, it’s a combination of trying and doing things, even if you’re going to get it wrong. It’s the act of just trying to do it that matters.” Carlo sees parallels between her childhood experience and how the NNA-CO should function.  

That different approach comes down to coproduction or cocreation: different groups working together with an understanding of their respective responsibilities and goals, grounded in mutual respect. Carlo described coproduction as taking the time to sit down and design what the relationship should be and what the expectations are for roles and responsibilities. “It’s really asking someone to just be an informed good person,” said NSIDC researcher Matthew Druckenmiller, the Community Office Director. “Show up, involve people, see value in difference. In many ways, it’s just common sense. It makes more sense, though, when you see where we’ve made progress and where we still have a lot of progress to do.”  

Children run on boardwalks in the remote Alaska community of Kongiganak. — Credit: Amanda Byrd, 2018

Frost and snow immerse a playground in the middle of winter in Utqiaġvik, Alaska. — Credit: Mia Bennett, 2020

Nothing about us without us 

One of the NNA-CO's major efforts is to bring people together in different ways. Rather than individual researchers presenting their work, the NNA-CO strives toward a mix of dialogue and discussion, offering panel or teaching sessions for stronger participant engagement.   

For example, during the Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW), which took place in March 2025 in Boulder, Colorado, the NNA-CO supported and co-hosted the Indigenous Pavilion, where participants could gather in a more intimate setting. The summit brought more than 800 researchers and Indigenous experts, focused on developing a strategy for the next decade of Arctic research. The pavilion offered a place where meaningful connections could be made, which can be difficult in lecture-based, large conferences. The structure featured two interwoven tents with an outdoor firepit to gather around. In the evenings, singing, dancing, and food sharing helped build connections among attendees. As the summit concluded, the Indigenous participants and supporters came together to hold up a banner stating, a phrase that captures a grounding principle for research in Indigenous homelands: Nothing about us without us. 

Participants gather to take a photo in front of an "Indigenous Pavilion," a ceremonial space designed to uplift Indigenous voices in Arctic research at the 2025 Arctic Science Summit Week. — Credit: International Arctic Science Committee (IASC)

Druckenmiller believes it is a profound statement and speaks to how research in the past often excluded these voices. “Even projects that had immediate relevance and could benefit Arctic communities rarely delivered results back to the people who need it the most,” Druckenmiller said. “So, if you're trying to support, whether you call it adaptation or resilience or just informed planning, it really requires the solutions being sustainable in the community, culturally appropriate, place based.” But that requires a longer-term perspective than a typical three-year grant allows. 

Druckenmiller emphasizes that there is no substitute for time. To truly engage on a community level requires tremendous commitment. However, research positions are often not designed to sustain long-term projects. “I think there are ways of improving upon this model,” Druckenmiller said, “and I think the Community Office has shed light on that in a lot of ways.” Coproduction is essential, and the NNA-CO has embraced that concept, supporting progress through their relationship-building approach at conferences such as ASSW.

The Indigenous Pavilion at the 2026 Arctic Science Summit Week on the campus of the University of Aarhus in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Vera Kuklina, 2026

In March 2026, at the ASSW in Aarhus, Denmark, the NNA-CO again supported a team that created an Indigenous Pavilion modeled on the one in Colorado. “The pavilion made us feel at home again,” said Indigenous scholar Inga Hensen. “To show our cultures with singing and ceremonies made us feel like yes, even though there is a summit about the Arctic we can go back to our roots, and within seconds we can adapt to the mainstream way of western society conference.” Another Indigenous scholar Vera Kuklina said, “The Pavilion provided me with the unique opportunity to meet, learn from, and build relations with Arctic scholars, artists, and knowledge holders across the whole Arctic. I’m inspired by our Indigenous scholars who walk two worlds and bring together the best of them.” 

The next NNA Annual Community Meeting will be held in September 2026 in Fairbanks, Alaska, focusing on “Living with Change.”

 

Identifying our legacy 

With less than three years of funding remaining, the NNA-CO is looking to the future. Kuklina said, “I greatly appreciate the efforts and dedication of our allies who in the current situation of shrinking funding and public pressure keep supporting us in all endeavors.” Without a dedicated funding stream, however, projects built around coproduction of knowledge may be harder to develop and sustain.  

As active NNA projects wind down, the Community Office will eventually do the same, raising a question about its legacy. “I like to say its legacy will be the people,” Carlo said. “The people it brought in to have conversations around what it means to work co-creatively. What does it mean to consider knowledges that are different and more diverse than academically trained science? What does it mean for institutions to structure their organization to support this work? I think the Community Office has illustrated these questions more clearly.” 

 

 

Sámi scientist and leader Gunn-Britt Retter contributes to a discussion at the Indigenous Pavilion at the 2026 Arctic Science Summit Week (ASSW) in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Kari Fannar Larusson, 2026

Unangax̂ scholar and dancer Haliehana Alaĝum Ayagaa Stepetin performs at the Indigenous Pavilion at ASSW 2026 in Aarhus, Denmark. — Credit: Kari Fannar Larusson, 2026

The answers are only beginning to take shape at some institutions, but growing awareness that the NNA initiative can provide greater value than the sum of its individually funded projects has already left a mark. As Carlo put it, “We can work together and consider different perspectives, different types of knowledge, including Indigenous Knowledge that is deeply rooted to a place and over generations, to drive research questions and to then know how to apply the research results on the backend.” 

Druckenmiller hopes that part of the Community Office’s legacy will be the ability to demonstrate what has come out of this research and investment. “We want to be able to revisit what we’ve done here and look at how career trajectories have shifted or who’s still engaged a few years down the road,” he said. To do this, the NNA-CO is developing an evaluation framework to share NNA results and lessons with NSF leadership, policymakers, and Indigenous organizations. Druckenmiller added, “This detailed accounting will catalog what was realized with this $150 million investment, and hopefully it will provide a bit of a roadmap for future research investments.” 

But as Carlo sees it, the Community Office’s most enduring legacy may ultimately be simpler: the people and relationships it brought together.

agnieszka.gaut…
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Boat sails in ice free waters in Arctic